Nov 2019
SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. Define the meaning of normative ethics and give ONE (1) example. (6 Marks)
2. Explain briefly your understanding regarding the moral virtue of compassion in diagnostic procedure? (6 Marks)
3. Describe the meaning of incompetent patient in decision making and give TWO (2) examples representing this category of patient. (6 Marks)
4. Sketch FOUR (4) different face expression represents level of pain? (6 Marks)
5. State briefly the moral principles of justice and its criteria that should be considered in healthcare? (6 Marks)
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY
Question 1
Explain the significant role that moral principle of nonmaleficence play in clinical practice and give FIVE (5) example of mental and physical harm. (20 Marks)
Question 2
Describe in detail the moral principle of respect for autonomy and state FIVE (5) inability standards representing incompetent patient. (20 Marks)
Question 3
State the moral principle of beneficence and describe TWO (2) clinical situations represent the moral principle of beneficence is stronger compare to moral principle of nonmaleficence. (20 Marks)
Aug 2019
SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. a. What are the core components of competence to consent? (6 Marks)
b. Identify the components of informed consent. (6 Marks)
2. Differentiate the positive and negative right according to Liberalism theory. (4 Marks)
3. Justify the situation in which medical futility occurs. (8 Marks)
4. a. Differentiate conceptually between killing and letting die. (4 Marks)
b. State TWO (2) conditions make “letting die” is acceptable in medicine. (4 Marks)
5. Define and give example for compassion and discernment according to focal of virtues. (8 Marks)
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
Question 1
Discuss the requirement for professional-patient relationship. (10 Marks)
Question 2
Discover the role of ethicist Immanuel Kant and John Stuart & Jeremy Bentham to moral theories. (10 Marks)
June 2018**
Section B
1. Define
Ethical dilemma: problem in the decision-making process between two possible options, neither of which is absolutely acceptable from an ethical perspective
Nosocomial infection: hospital-acquired infection
Work ethics: a group of moral principles, standard of behavior, or set of values regarding proper conduct in the workplace
Morals: principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or social group
Ethical abuse: illegal, unethical, irresponsible act done
Ethical communicator: truthful, honest, accurate in communication
2. Describe 3 benefits of ethical leadership. (6 marks)
build trust
brings credibility and respect
can lead to collaboration
3. State 8 values that a healthcare practitioner should have. (8 marks)
professionalism
respect
dependability
dedication
determination
accountability
humility
appreciate resources
4. List 6 example of ethical abuse at workplace. (6 marks)
stealing
vandalism
break confidentiality
harassment
irresponsible behavior
gossip
5. Describe 4 principles of biomedical ethics. (8 marks)
- autonomy: right of the patient, persuade or coerce the patient into making into choice are violations
- beneficence (to do good)
- non-maleficence (to do no harm)
- justice: fairness
Section C
1. Elaborate the important of work ethics in the organization. (10 marks)
- to communicate effectively with an opposing opinion of other person
- a basis for values and visions
- to motivate employees
- perhaps demanded by customers
- for good relationships to stakeholders
- an overall check on plans
- part of governance
- sustainability
- to be organized and in a uniformed way
- employee job satisfaction
- increase productivity
- avoid miscommunication or negative confrontation
- avoid various exposures and risks
- avoid stress/conflicts
- avoid misunderstandings
2. Discuss the approaches in promoting ethical culture at workplace. (10 marks)
- recruit and hire well
- lead by example
- support from the top
- trainings
- assess the working environment
- clear the consequences of ethical abuse
- protection and confidentiality
- consider work life balance
- reward ethical behavior
- meetings
3. Describe the ethical challenges or dilemma in your healthcare profession. (10 marks)
- avoiding conflicts of interest: physicians' behavior influenced by trivial freebies
- balancing profit with serving patients
- special treatment
- managing vulnerable patients - decision making capacity
- moral distress - providing care with minimal benefit
July 2017**
SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1. A written statement of policies and principles that guides the behavior of all employees is called
(A) code of ethics.*
(B) word of ethics.
(C) ethical dilemma.
(D) none of the above.
2. When ethics and law overlap also called
(A) grey area.
(B) black area.
(C) white area.
(D) yellow area.*
3. Which of the following is NOT usually the objective of a code of ethics?
(A) to create an ethical workplace
(B) to improve the public image of the company
(C) to enhance the profits of the business continuously
(D) to evaluate the ethical components of the proposed actions of the employees
4. The principle supporting voluntary and informed consent is
(A) respect.*
(B) autonomy.
(C) beneficence.
(D) non-maleficence.
5. Which of the following factors shapes the ethical behavior of the members of an organization?
(A) Code of ethics
(B) Organizational culture
(C) The supervisor’s behavior
(D) All of the above
6. If data collected from a patient who had not been asked to give consent, which of the following principles would have broken?
(A) Beneficence and dignity
(B) Beneficence and autonomy*
(C) Autonomy and human rights
(D) Human rights and maleficence
7. Healthcare provider can ensure confidentiality by
(A) keeping any identifying information separate from the data
(B) not discussing participants in any data gathering with others
(C) using identification numbers or pseudonyms for participants
(D) all of the above*
"To do good"
8. Which principle is related with Diagram 1?
(A) Justice
(B) Autonomy
(C) Beneficence*
(D) Non-maleficence
9. According to Michael Marmot, Professor of Epidemiology at University College of London found out the highest mortality and poorest well-being were consistently associated with
(A) lack of discipline.
(B) poor management.
(C) demotivated staff due to personal reason.
(D) smallest degree of control over work lives.*
10. Which is NOT a reason why ethics is important?
(A) Stakeholders increasingly demand ethical behaviour
(B) Continued occurrence of ethical infractions shows it’s needed
(C) Ethical companies have been found to be more effective performers
(D) Ethical companies are more likely to achieve government funding
11. Example of minor penalties is
(A) job transfers.
(B) Downgrading.
(C) pay reductions.
(D) written warning.
12. A document prepared to guide organization members when encountering ethical dilemmas is a/an
(A) code of ethics.
(B) code of conduct.
(C) outline of expected behaviors.
(D) list of rules and responsibilities.
13. The client's right to keep the counselling relationship a secret is
(A) privacy
(B) their business
(C) confidentiality
(D) the client's responsibility
"To create the happiest most productive workplace in the world".
Diagram 2
14. The above statement diagram 2 came from
(A) Yahoo.
(B) Buffer.
(C) Google.*
(D) Facebook.
15. A moral dilemma is
(A) a specific rule set by specific organization.
(B) when someone should leave and go to a party because he likes.
(C) an obligation for healthcare professional to keep confidentiality of patient.
(D) a problem offering two solutions, neither of which is able to be performed.
16. Most companies begin the process of establishing organizational ethics programs by developing
(A) hidden agendas.
(B) codes of conduct.
(C) ethics training programs.
(D) ethics enforcement mechanisms.
17. A/an ______ is a problem, situation, or opportunity requiring an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong.
(A) fraud
(B) crisis
(C) indictment
(D) ethical issue
18. Internal security might be considerable when employees conduct
(A) violence.
(B) gossiping.
(C) incomplete work.
(D) abuse the machine.
19. The moral principle concerned with the fair distribution of benefits, risks, and costs is called
(A) justice.
(B) autonomy.
(C) beneficence.
(D) compassion.
20. Laws are different from ethical standards because they
(A) refer to specific acts but ethics is more of a feeling.
(B) are always set down in writing, and available to the public.
(C) are learnt as a profession whereas ethics is more of theoretical speculation.
(D) are common knowledge, while ethics is a subject of study and contemplation.
21. Autonomy is about
(A) selfishness.
(B) self-awareness.
(C) self-promotion.
(D) self-governance.*
22. Which of the following is NOT relevant to a physician’s determination of who should go first in a triage or emergency prioritization situation?
(A) Patient blood loss
(B) Patient bone injuries
(C) Patient tolerance for pain
(D) Patient responsibility for their condition
23. A __________ system is a process by which treatment is prioritized based on needed personnel and those who are most critically ill or injured.
(A) Triage
(B) Disaster
(C) Pandemic
(D) Quarantine
24. Primum Non Nocere means
(A) First, do no harm.*
(B) Never be the first.
(C) First, do not listen.
(D) The higher, the fewer.
25. Medical battery is the
(A) process of installing the battery in medical equipment.
(B) procedure to be conducted before any surgical operation.
(C) consent obtained by the healthcare practitioners from the patient.
(D) intentional violation of a patient's right to direct their own medical treatments.
26. The classification of people as children, intellectually disabled, or “pleasantly confused” tells us
(A) they can never be guilty of negligence.
(B) healthcare workers are sometimes cruel.
(C) little about their ability to give informed consent.
(D) nothing about their ability to give informed consent.
27. The four rules of professional–patient relationships set forth and explained by Beauchamp and Childress are
(A) Veracity, privacy, confidentiality, and fidelity.*
(B) Autonomy, privacy, respect, and confidentiality.
(C) Veracity, privacy, beneficence, and non-maleficence.
(D) Respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice.
28. Fair distribution limits our duties of beneficence. What basic goods of others should be met before we dole out any luxuries?
(A) Food, kindness, education
(B) A job, a home, an education
(C) Nourishment, shelter, clothing
(D) Food, entertainment, companionship
29. The requirements of valid consent are
(A) There must be no force or coercion.
(B) The person must be legally competent.
(C) Sufficient information must have been given.
(D) All of the above.
30. Employees will be address major penalties when the
(A) unpunctuality.
(B) noncompliance acts.
(C) harass other employees.
(D) misuse office equipment’s.
SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. Define the following
a. Work (2 marks): activity involving mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result
b. Ethics (2 marks): moral principles that govern a person's behavior or conducting an activity
c. Work ethics (2 marks)
d. Morals (2 marks)
e. Ethical abuse (2 marks)
2. Differentiate between ethics and morals. (4 marks)
Morals: an individual's own principles regarding right and wrong
3. Give ONE (1) example of conflicts between ethics and morals. (2 marks)
4. List SIX (6) example of ethical abuses at workplace. (6 marks)
5. Describe FOUR (4) basic principles of biomedical ethics. (8 marks)
- autonomy: right of the patient, persuade or coerce the patient into making into choice are violations
- beneficence (to do good)
- non-maleficence (to do no harm)
- justice: fairness
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY
Question 1
Elaborate the important of ethics at workplace. (10 Marks)
Question 2
Discuss an approaches in order to promote ethical culture at workplace. (10 Marks)
Question 3
Describe FIVE (5) characters for every healthcare practitioner should have. (10 Marks)
- uphold credibility and dignity
- disseminate accurate info, prompt correct any incorrect communication
- sensitive to cultural values and beliefs, engage in fair balanced communication
- obey laws and public policies
- give credit for expressions
- confidential
- do not accept undisclosed gifts or payments
Jan 2016
SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. List FOUR (4) types of normative theories. (4 Marks)
2. State FOUR (4) elements of informed consent (4 Marks)
3. Differentiate the concept of killing and “letting die”. (4 Marks)
4. Differentiate between positive and negative obligation of healthcare provider? (4 Marks)
5. Identify the qualifications for decision-makers involved in withholding and terminating treatments for incompetent patients. (4 Marks)
6. Differentiate between these following terminologies:
a. Autonomy (1 Marks)
b. Autonomous action (1 Marks)
c. Respect of autonomy (1 Marks)
d. Autonomous person (1 Marks)
7. List SIX (6) moral virtue trait characters. (6 Marks)
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY
Question 1
Describe ways to improve the professional relationship for both the healthcare provider and the patient . (10 Marks)
Question 2
Distinguish between Soft and Hard Paternalism. Provide an example each to support your answer. (10 Marks)
Question 3
Summarize the Utilitarianism ethical theory. (10 Marks)
Jan 2016
SECTION B : SH ORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. Define the following terminologies:
a. Descriptive ethics (2 Marks)
b. Surrogate authority (2 Marks)
c. Confidentiality (2 Marks)
d. Benevolence (2 Marks)
e. Intellectual Manipulations (2 Marks)
2. Differentiate the concept of ‘killing’ and ‘letting die’. (4 Marks)
3. State TWO (2) conditions in which ‘letting die’ is acceptable. (2 Marks)
4. Explain any THREE (3) factors that demonstrate a strong work ethic. (6 Marks)
5. List FOUR (4) moral virtue trait characters. (4 Marks)
6. Identify FOUR (4) basic principles for biomedical ethics. (4 Marks)
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY
Question 1
Differentiate the categories that influence the voluntaries. (10 Marks)
Question 2
Describe the situation in which medical futility occurs. (10 Marks)
Question 3
Recommend ways to improve the professional relationship for both the healthcare provider and the patient (10 Marks)
Aug 2015
SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. Define the following terminologies:
a. Descriptive ethics (2 Marks)
b. Surrogate authority (2 Marks)
c. Confidentiality (2 Marks)
d. Benevolence (2 Marks)
e. Intellectual Manipulations (2 Marks)
2. a. Differentiate the concept of killing and “letting die”. (4 Marks)
b. State TWO (2) conditions in which “letting die” is acceptable. (2 Marks)
c. State the qualifications for decision-makers involved in withholding and terminating treatments for incompetent patients. (4 Marks)
3. a. Explain any THREE (3) factors that demonstrate a strong work ethic. (6 Marks)
b. List FOUR (4) focal virtue in healthcare professional. (4 Marks)
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY
Question 1
Differentiate the categories that influence the voluntaries. (10 Marks)
Question 2
Describe the situation in which medical futility occurs. (10 Marks)
Question 3
Discuss the moral theories by Immanuel Kant and Jeremy Bentham - John Stuart Mills (10 Marks)
Jan 2015
SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. Identify FOUR (4) basic principles for biomedical ethics. (4 Marks)
2. Identify THREE (3) Components of informed consent. (3 Marks)
3. List FOUR (4) types of normative theories. (4 Marks)
4. List FIVE (5) general beneficence rules. (5 Marks)
5. Identify the qualifications for decision-makers involved in withholding and terminating treatments for incompetent patients. (4 Marks)
6. Give FIVE (5) focal virtues in health professional. (5 Marks)
7. List FIVE (5) moral virtue trait characters. (5 Marks)
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY
Question 1
Summarize the Utilitarianism ethical theory. (10 Marks)
Question 2
Distinguish between Soft and Hard Paternalism. (10 Marks)
Question 3
Recommend ways to improve the professional relationship for both the healthcare provider and the patient (10 Marks)
Aug 2014
SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. a. Define ‘Respect of Autonomy.’ (2 Marks)
b. How autonomous action can be analyzed? (3 Marks)
c. Give FIVE (5) competing standards for incompetence person. (5 Marks)
2. a. Define Benevolence. (2 Marks)
b. State FIVE (5) general beneficence rules. (5 Marks)
c. What is specific beneficence? Provide an example. (3 Marks)
3. a. What is the principle of justice? (2 Marks)
b. Explain distributive justice. (3 Marks)
c. State FIVE (5) material principles of distributive justice. (5 Marks)
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY
Question 1
Discus the informed consent’s components. Provide an example of the situation to support your answer. (20 Marks)
Question 2
By using examples, explain the general obligations regarding the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence by William Frankena. (20 Marks)
Question 3
Recommend ways to improve the professional relationship for both the healthcare provider and the patient (20 Marks)
Aug 2015
SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. Identify FOUR (4) basic principles for biomedical ethics. (4 Marks)
2. Differentiate between Beneficence and Benevolence. (4 Marks)
3. What is the basic principle of Utilitarianism theory? (2 Marks)
4. Differentiate the categories that influence the voluntaries. (6 Marks)
5. Identify the positive and negative rights according to Liberalism theory. (2 Marks)
6. State FOUR (4) standards of classification for incompetence person. (4 Marks)
7. Explain any THREE (3) factors that demonstrate a strong work ethic. (6 Marks)
8. State TWO (2) conditions in which “letting die” is acceptable. (2 Marks)
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY
Question 1
Discuss TWO (2) focal of virtues in health professional. (10 Marks)
Question 2
Describe the situation in which medical futility occurs. (10 Marks)
Question 3
Elaborate a core set of information which all healthcare provider are generally obligated to disclose to the patient. (10 Marks)
Jan 2014
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions.
1. a. State FIVE (5) standards of classification for incompetence person. (5 Marks)
b. List the components of informed consent (5 Marks)
2. a. Differentiate the concept of “killing” and “letting die”. (4 Marks)
b. Give TWO (2) conditions which “letting die” is acceptable. (2 Marks)
c. Identify the qualifications for decision-makers involved in withholding and terminating treatments for incompetent patients. (4 Marks)
3. a. Discuss the beneficence concept. (4 Marks)
b. State TWO (2) rules to distinguish beneficence and non-maleficence. (4 Marks)
c. Differentiate general and specific beneficence. (2 Marks)
SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
Answer FOUR (4) Questions Only.
Question 1
Recommend the ways to improve the professional relationship for both the healthcare provider and the patient . (10 Marks)
Question 2
Explain FIVE (5) focal virtue of characters for biomedical health’s person. (10 Marks)
Question 3
Analyze the justifications of Paternalism (10 Marks)
Question 4
Discover the roles of Jeremy Bentham to moral theories. (10 Marks)
Questions 5
Discuss the problems related to the allocation of health care resources. (10 Marks)
Jan 2013
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions.
1. Define the following terminologies:
a. Descriptive ethics (2 Marks)
b. Surrogate authority (2 Marks)
c. Confidentiality (2 Marks)
d. Benevolence (2 Marks)
e. Intellectual Manipulations (2 Marks)
2. a. Explain briefly about positive and negative obligation in principle of autonomy. (4 Marks)
b. State the components of informed consent (6 Marks)
3. a. Differentiate the concept of killing and “letting die”. (4 Marks)
b. State TWO (2) conditions in which “letting die” is acceptable. (2 Marks)
c. State the qualifications for decision-makers involved in withholding and terminating treatments for incompetent patients. (4 Marks)
4. a. Describe the categories that influence the voluntaries. (6 Marks)
b. Is it ethical when threat is used to manipulate humans? Give reasons. (4 Marks)
SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
Answer FOUR (4) questions only.
Question 1
Elaborate the Utilitarian concept of justice. (10 marks)
Question 2
Explain the general obligations regarding the principles of beneficence and non-malaficence by William Frankena. Provide example for each principles. (10 marks)
Question 3
Analyze the justifications of Paternalism (10 Marks)
Question 4
Discover the role of ethicist Immanuel Kant and Jeremy Bentham in moral theories. (10 Marks)
Questions 5
Discuss the problems related to the allocation of health care resources. (10 Marks)
Aug 2013
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions.
1. Give definition of the following terms in accordance to professional and patient relationships:
a. Veracity (2 Marks)
b. Privacy (2 Marks)
c. Fidelity (2 Marks)
2. Differentiate between the concept of killing and letting die in biomedical ethics. (4 Marks)
3. List the set of information that healthcare professional obligated to disclose prior to informed consent. (5 Marks)
4. State FOUR (4) decision-makers have been proposed and used in cases of withholding and terminating treatment for incompetent patients. (4 Marks)
5. List the conditions to justify the physician-assisted suicide. (7 Marks)
6. State the qualifications of the decision makers that make them qualified to make decision for incompetent patient. (4 Marks)
SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
Answer TWO (2) questions only.
Question 1
Discuss the elements of informed consent. (20 marks)
Question 2
Describe the principles of FOUR (4) main moral theories. (20 marks)
Question 3
An elderly patient suffered multiple medical conditions with no potential of recovery. He was in coma and unable to communicate with had no family to be the surrogate decision maker. He only kept alive by the antibiotics and by intravenous line nutrition and hydration. After sometimes, the staff has agreed to ‘do not resuscitate’ if cardiac arrest occurred which means the staff would never attempt CPR if the patient having cardiac arrest.
Discuss the situation above with relating to ethical argument of withholding and withdrawing of the treatment. (20 marks)
Jan 2011
PART B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS ( 20 MARKS ) Answer all questions
1. Defined the following.
a. Morality
b. Consequentialism
c. Competent client
d. Veracity
e. Dignity ( 10 marks )
2. a. What is values? ( 2 marks )
b. Briefly explain FOUR ( 4 ) working values that that need to be applied in your working profession ( 8 marks)
PART C : MODIFIED ESSAY QUESTIONS. ( 40 MARKS ) Answer ALL questions. QUESTION 1 In biomedical profession, the providers are guided with principles of biomedical ethics in carrying out their duties.
a. Define the FOUR ( 4 ) basic pillars of biomedical ethics. ( 8 marks )
Implementation the principles of this pillars always supported by theories to assist in decision making
b. Compare with examples the differences of the following theories in decision making. ( 12marks )
i. Utilitarianism
ii. Kantianism
QUESTION 2 Today's world challenges in professional relationships between client and healthcare provider has increasingly become impersonal that at time it seems to be more focused on the bottom line than healing.
a. Briefly discuss the various factors that in your opinion has significant influence towards the changes of the present healthcare provider – client relationship. ( 10 marks )
b. Describe your recommendations to both healthcare provider and the client that could improve professional relationship ( 10 marks )
July 2011
PART B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions.
1. Respect for autonomy is not excessively individualistic, not excessively focused on reasons and not unduly legalistic.
a. Explain the natures of autonomy. (4 marks)
b. State TWO (2) conditions which is essential for someone to be considered as autonomy person. (2 marks)
c. Explain briefly about positive and negative obligation in principle
of autonomy. (4 marks)
2. Many acts of beneficence are not obligatory, but a principle of beneficence establishes an obligation to help others.
a. Explain about the concept of beneficence. (4 marks)
b. Describe TWO (2) rules to distinguish between beneficence and non-malaficence. (4 marks)
c. Define the term of reciprocity. (2 marks)
3. Killing and letting die are among the most frequent issues in biomedical ethics:
a. Differentiate conceptually between killing and letting die. (4 marks)
b. State TWO (2) conditions make “letting die” is acceptable in medicine. (2 marks)
c. State FOUR (4) decision-makers have been proposed and used in cases of withholding and terminating treatment for incompetent patients. (4 marks)
PART C: MODIFIED ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 Marks)
Answer TWO (2) questions only.
Question 1
In biomedical ethics, consent requirements appeared primarily as a way to minimize the potential for harm and to avoid exploitation of patient.
Discuss the elements of informed consent. (20 marks)
Question 2
Professional relationship between client and healthcare provider is important. Describe your recommendations to improve doctor-client relationship for both the healthcare provider and the patient. (20 marks)
Question 3
In a process of discussing about moral and ethics, moral theories are introduced. Some of the moral theories competing and criticize each other. Discuss FOUR (4) main moral theories. (20 marks)
Jan 2010
PART B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 marks)
Answer ALL questions.
Question 1 (10 marks)
a. Define the following
i. paternalism
ii. consequentialism
iii. dignity
iv. competent client
v. informed decision
b. State FOUR (4) characteristic of competent client (4 marks)
Question 2
a. Differentiate the following
i. Euthanasia
ii. Assisted suicide (5 marks)
b. State THREE (3) countries in the world that legally permit assisted suicide. (3 marks)
Question 3
a. Define values. (2 marks)
a. State SIX (6) working values that need to be applied in your working place. (6 marks)
PART C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 marks)
Answer ALL questions.
Question 1
In biomedical profession, the providers are guided with the principles of biomedical ethics in carrying out their duties.
a. Define the FOUR (4) basic pillars of biomedical ethics. (8 marks)
Implementation the principles of these pillars always supported by theories to assist in decision making.
b. Compare with examples the differences of the following theories in decision making. (12 marks)
i. Utilitarianism
ii. Kantianism
Question 2
Abortion is the most difficult and controversial moral issues in health care as it involve the right of the fetus and mother, nevertheless it is considered in most countries as unethical.
a. Define abortion. (2 marks)
b. State THREE (3) controversial issues related to abortion (3 marks)
b. Compare the ethical issues between the right of the mother and the right of the unborn child (10 marks)
June 2010
PART A: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions.
1. Define the following (8 marks)
a) Assisted suicide
b) Consequentialism
c) Dignity
d) Informed decision
2. a) Define competent client (2 marks)
a) Briefly explain FOUR (4) characteristic of competent client (4 marks)
3. a) Define values. (2 marks)
b) Briefly explain FOUR (4) working values that need to be applied in your working profession. (4 marks)
PART B: MODIFIED ESSAY QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
Answer ONE (1) question only.
Question 1
In biomedical profession, the providers are guided with the principles of biomedical ethics in carrying out their duties.
a) Define the FOUR (4) basic pillars of biomedical ethics. (8 marks)
Implementation the principles of these pillars always supported by theories to assist in decision making.
b) Compare with examples the differences of the following theories in decision making. (12 marks)
i. Utilitarianism
ii. Kantianism
Question 2
Today's world challenges in professional relationship between client and health care provider has increasingly become impersonal that at time it seems to be more focused on the bottom line than healing.
a) Briefly discuss the various factors that in your opinion has significant influence towards the changes of the present health care provider-client relationship (10 marks)
b) Describe your recommendations to both the health care provider and the client that could improve professional relationship (10 marks)
Comments
Post a Comment