Basic Health Psychology MCQs

Final

1. Health psychology: study of social (poverty), behavior (diet), cognitive (attitude, belief) and emotional (anxiety) factors that influence

maintenance of health
development of illness and disease
course of illness and disease
patient's and family's response to illness and disease

4 division

6 elements

Health: a complete state of physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Illness: symptom of something went wrong in the body

Disease: underlying condition that give rise to illness

Mental health: absence of mental illness and the promotion of optimism, happiness, love and intimacy

Social health

Health psychologist

Clinical health psychologist

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/66183

Biopsychosocial model

Bio=genetics, viruses, bacteria, lesions, structural defects, gender
Cognition=belief, attitude (expectation of health)
Emotions=feelings (fear)
Behavior=adoption and maintenance (diet, smoking)
Personality=characteristic ways of thinking and feeling (shyness)
offers a holistic approach
What cause illness: biological (virus), psychological (behavior), social (unemployment)
Tx: behavior change, coping strategies
Health and illness exist on a continuum
Interaction between mind and body occurs
Psychological factors not only as possible consequences but as contributing it to all stages

Important contribution:

provided techniques useful in changing behaviors that affect health and illness
keep ppl healthy rather than waiting to only treat then when they become ill
long history of developing reliable and valid measures for assessing health-related factors
contributed a solid foundation of scientific methods for studying such behaviors

4 stages of history of medicine:

2. Health illness disease in psychology approach

Why do women live longer than men?

females are more hardy
males engage in risker behaviors
males engage in riskier sports
males tend to have poorer health habits
social support may be more protective in women
women are more aware to go for screening

Adapt to chronic illness:

first ppl concern about mortality
may have feelings of helplessness
may try to normalize activities
optimistic but tentative about plans

Heart disease rehabilitation/promote recovery and reduce risk:

exercise
weight, stress management
smoking cessation
lipid and BP management (diet, control lipid)
reduce excessive alcohol intake

Risk factor heart disease:

High BP
Family history
Smoking
High LDL and total CHOL
Physical inactivity
Diabetes
Obesity
Stress

5 psychological aspects for chronic illness

Importance of emotional support

Relationship between heart problems and psychology approach

Stroke risk factors:

High BP
Smoking
Heart disease
Diabetes
Obesity
Physical inactivity
High RBC count
Mini stroke

Effects of stroke:

weakness
numbness of face, arm, leg
dimness
loss of vision
loss of speech
trouble talking or understanding speech
unexplained severe headache
dizziness
unsteadiness
sudden fall

AIDS route:

sexual activity involving exchange of body fluids
sharing contaminated needles
birth by infected mother
incidence in increasing particularly among heterosexual

AIDS psychosocial impacts:

being blamed
depression
fear
isolation
stigma and discrimination

Aims of counseling

Importance of exercises

Cancer types:

carcinomas, skin, organ cells
lymphoma, lymphatic system
sarcomas, muscle, bone, connective tissue
leukemias, blood forming organs (bone marrow), proliferation of WBC

Cancer tx/psychology role in alleviation:

radiation, alters BC, destroy, cannot reproduce
external beam, directed to malignant tissue
internal radiation therapy, place radioactive substance inside, near tumor
chemotherapy

Signs and symptoms cancer:

fatigue
change in bowel habit (constipation)
persistent cough
unexplained weight loss
unusual lump or swelling
unusual bleeding or discharge
frequent urination
loss of appetite

3. Eating disorder

Anorexia Nervosa 1694:

Refusal maintain body weight at or above normal weight for age
Intense fear of weight gaining
Absence of at least 3 consecutive menstrual cycles
Disturbed body image
Undue influence of weight on issues of self worth
Denial of seriousness of weight loss

Etiology: Family variables (child being overcontrolled), socio-cultural

Prevalence: 0.5~1%

Bulimia Nervosa 1892:

Recurrent episodes of binge eating
Eating an abnormally large quantity of food in a discrete period of time
Lack of control over eating
Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, enemas, fasting, vigorous exercise)
Self evaluation unduly influences by weight

Etiology: depression, socio-cultural

Prevalence: 1~3%

4. Benefits of exercise

Psychosocial:

Feel less stressed and anxious
Better work performance and attitudes
More positive self-concept

Physiological:

Increased production of endorphins
Improved agility
Improved bone density
Improved strength and flexibility

Cardiovascular:

Lowers

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure
Heart rate and thereby helps protect heart against heart rhythm disturbances
LDL and raise HDL

5. Pain: A sensory and emotional experience of discomfort

Chronic pain:

>12 weeks
no adaptive purpose
accompanies untreated condition
usually begins gradually and persists inflecting more suffering over time
depression

3 conditions of chronic pain:

Neuralgia, recurrent episodes of intense shooting or stabbing pain
Causalgia, severe burning pain
Phantom limb pain, pain in limb no longer there, no functioning nerves

Acute pain:

normal sensation that alert us to possible injury
protective function
accompanies tissue damage, surgery, trauma
usually decreases when healing begins
anxiety

Understanding of Gate-control Theory-Ronald Melzack 1960s:

Physiological mechanism by which psychological factors can affect experience of pain
Spinal cord contains neural gate that can open and close thereby modulating pain
Used to explain phantom or chronic pain
Gate close: inhibitory interneuron block signal in projection neuron that connects to brain (small and large nerve fibers inactivated/activated with non-painful stimulation)
medications, relaxation, distraction
Gate open: projection neuron is stimulated, inhibitory interneuron is blocked, signal not blocked (small nerve fibers activated with painful stimulation--carry pain info)
extent of injury, anxiety, focusing on pain
A-beta fibers (large), produce touch sensations
C fibers (small), produce dull diffuse pain

3 factors involved in gate open and close: amount of activity in the pain fibers, amount of activity in other peripheral fibers, messages that descend from brain

Pain medications:

Peripherally active analgesics, works at periphery (aspirin)
Centrally active analgesics, narcotics bind to opiate receptors in brain (codeine, heroin)
Local analgesics: inject into site of injury (novocaine)
Indirectly acting drugs, affect non-pain conditions that can exacerbate pain experience

Psychological pain control methods:

biofeedback, forehead muscle tension
systemic relaxation of large muscle groups
hypnosis, relaxation +suggestion +distraction +altering meaning of pain
acupuncture, triggers release of endorphins, distraction

4 types of pain behavior:

audible expression of distress
distorted ambulation or posture
negative affect
avoidance of activity

Signs and symptoms in DM:

frequent urination
excessive thirst
wounds heal slow
numbness in feet
often hungry
unexplained weight loss
blurry vision

Psychosocial factors epilepsy:

stigma
may not be able to drive
not allowed to perform certain jobs
emotional arousal may increase severity of attack
affected individual and family often adjust poorly in more severe cases

Behavioral disturbances Alzheimer:

sleep, hallucinatory, activity, affective disturbances
paranoid and delusional symptoms
aggressively
anxieties
phobias

November 2021

1. Cognitive, emotional and behavioral are the key main points of

(A) anatomical.

(B) pathological.

(D) psychological.*

"A complete state of physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity"

2. Statement above is BEST be described as

(A) health.*

(B) illness.

(D) physiology.

3. Scientist who does research, health promotion, illness prevention to intervene at social is known as a

(A) Radiographer.

(B) Physiotherapist.

(D) Clinical health psychologist.--intervene at individual level to treat illness, slow or prevent disease progression and reduce disability

4. Evil spirit entered the body and caused illness is the beliefs from

(A) Greeks.--Hippocrate and later Galen proposed that diseases arose from imbalances in bodily fluids (blood, black bile, yellow bile, phlegm)

(B) Stone age.*

(D) Contemporary.--most illness causes by disorders at cellular level, there is a growing acceptance of factors related to physical, mental or socio-behavioral and it interact to cause more health problem

5. Which of the following statement described the important contribution of psychology towards health?

(A) Developing new medication to treat diseases.*

(B) Provide technique of positioning to reduce radiation dose.--changing behaviors that affect health and illness

(D) Keep people healthy rather than treat them when they become ill.--rather than waiting to only treat them

• Hypnosis -relaxation +suggestion +distraction +altering meaning of pain

• Meditation

• Biofeedback

6. The above statement is BEST be described the _____________pain treatment.

(A) surgical

(B) medication

(D) psychological*

7. Medication, balloon angioplasty, stenting and bypass surgery are choices of treatment of

(A) Stroke.

(B) Diabetes mellitus.

(D) Cardiovascular disease.*

8. Which of the following statement is TRUE regarding potential reasons in mortality based on gender?

(A) Men less engaged in sports.

(B) Males tend to have less risk jobs.

(D) Men tend to have better health screening awareness.

• Sexual activity involving exchange body fluid

• Birth by infected mother

• Incidence increase among heterosexuals

9. All of the statements above are risk factors of

(A) AIDS.*

(B) Stroke.

(D) Cardiovascular disease.

10. Antigen is

(A) slowing down the acting response.

(B) an antibody that protect our body.

(D) a protein produces in the body in response to bacteria attack.

• Positive relationship

• Social interaction

• Spiritual healthy

11. The above statements are BEST be described a good _____________health.

(A) mental--self-efficacy, stress management, safety and security

(B) physical--nutrition, exercise, early detection/screening

(D) emotional*

• Prayed for guidance or strength

• Read relevant material for solution

• Took some action to improve situation

12. The statements above are closely related to _____________focus coping.

(A) mental

(B) problem*--got busy with other things to keep mind off the problem, sometimes took it out on others, try to see the positive side, try to step back from situation and be more objective

(D) emotional

• Plan

• Priority

• Efficiency

13. The above points are describing

(A) cognitive therapy.--irrational ways of thinking, overgeneralization

(B) time management.*

(D) psychological therapy.

14. Why do people NOT use health services?

(A) Iatrogenic condition.*--medical problems resulting from a practitioner's error or as a normal side effect of treatment

(B) Practitioner efficiency.

(D) High end and latest technology equipment.

not trusting practitioners--worry about confidentiality and discriminatory

emotional factors--fear, embarrassment

social factors--don't want to appear weak, more likely to use healthcare system if lay referral system encourage it

15. Why physician use jargon?

(A) Keep interaction short.*--habit, patient better off not knowing, reduce emotional reaction, reduce recognition of error, elevate practitioner's status, not aware of jargon

(B) Improve patient adherence.

(D) Patients need to learn the jargon.

16. Forgetting dose and stop therapy by the patient are the examples of

(A) nonadherence.*--forgetfulness, financial, feeling sick, lazy, too busy, stress, don't believe in treatment, confused about dosage, want to see whether illness still there when stop medication

(B) patient compliance.--adherence

(D) understanding of the instruction.

17. Accidents, injuries and heat stroke are the potential risks of

(A) smoke.

(B) alcohol.

(D) overeating.

18. All of the statement are the reasons of people smoking EXCEPT

(A) control weight.

(B) easy for urination.*

(D) addicted to the taste and smell of smoke.

19. Increasing adaptation to the substance so that higher doses need to achieve same result are BEST defined the term of

(A) addiction.--physical and psychological dependence on a substance following use over a period of time

(B) tolerance.*

(D) physical dependence.--body is use to the substance and incorporates the use of substance in its normal function

20. Steps for healthy exercise are

i. Aerobics

ii. Warm-up

iii. Cool down

iv. Cardio training

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) i, ii, iii and iv*

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

1. Draw a diagram of FIVE (5) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. (5 Marks)

2. Briefly explain on “Learned Helplessness Theory” by Seligman, Peterson et., al. in relation with helplessness. (5 Marks)

3. Briefly explain FIVE (5) reasons for patient’s non-adherence towards physician instruction. (5 Marks)

4. Explain the understanding on the Gate-control Theory- Ronald Melzack (1960s). (5 Marks)

5. Briefly explain the general adaptation syndrome proposed by Hans Selye (1936). (5 marks)

6. (a) Define the term “coping”. (3 Marks)

(b) State TWO (2) types of coping methods. (2 Marks)

SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1

Discuss the reasons of women may live longer than men. (10 Marks)

QUESTION 2

Discuss health risks from heavy alcohol use. (10 Marks)

QUESTION 3

Explain the importance of exercise towards psychosocial, physiological and cardiovascular health. (10 Marks)

November 2019

SECTION A : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. During which stage of Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome is the sympathetic nervous system being activated?

(A) Alarm*

(B) Denial

(D) Exhaustion

2. The correct order of Hans Seyle's General Adaptation Syndrome are

(A) alarm, resistance, exhaustion*

(B) resistance, alarm, exhaustion

(D) alarm, exhaustion, resistance

3. During periods of prolonged stress, the hypothalamus triggers the

(A) endorphins

(B) adrenal gland

(D) sympathetic nervous system

https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/playquiz/?title=stress-health-multiple-choice

4. __________ personality is at a greater risk for coronary heart disease.

(A) Type D

(B) Type B--easy going, balance, non-competitive

(D) Optimistic--Type B

Type C--perfectionist, logic oriented, cautious, hard working

5. The release of __________ reduces the effectiveness of the immune system in response to prolong stress.

(A) dopamine

(B) endorphins

(D) catecholamines--in acute stress, adrenal medulla releases to grow heart rate and respiration

6. For an adolescent, death of a parent is known as one of the hardest ________; as death of a spouse is for an adult.

(A) conflicts

(B) pressures

(D) daily hassles

7. What is the function of the immune system?

(A) To fight diseases*

(B) To help you breathe

(D) To circulate the blood throughout the body

8. What is pathogen?

(A) a foreign materials on the skin

(B) a microorganism that fights disease

(D) a microorganism that identifies foreign materials

9. What is the major function of the B-Cells?

(A) To kill viruses

(B) To kill cancer cell

(D) To reduce the level of glucose in blood

10. A carcinogen causes

(A) AIDS

(B) cancer*

(D) autoimmune disorder

11. Which of these is a cause of heart disease?

(A) Stroke

(B) Cancer

(D) Thickening of the inside of the arteries*--atherosclerosis

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=40&ContentID=HeartDiseaseQuiz&CustomAnswers_HeartDiseaseQuiz=q1a1

12. Which of the following is NOT a stress buffer?

(A) Denial*

(B) Exercise

(D) Social support

13. How can people prevent high blood pressure?

i. Exercise

ii. Consume high sodium

iii. Have a life style change

iv. Drink a lot of water per day

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) ii, iii and iv

14. Which of the following statements explain the link between stress and the immune system problems?

i. Stress appears to suppress the immune response.

ii. Killer T-cells are lower during periods of high stress.

iii. Adrenaline that are released during stress appear to increase helper T-cells.--decrease

iv. Cortisol that are released during stress decrease the functioning of phagocytes.--and lymphocytes

Adrenaline and cortisol increase suppressor T cells, decrease helper T cells, and functioning of phagocytes and lymphocytes

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv*

(D) ii, iii and iv

15. The organ that make up the immune system is

(A) foot

(B) heart

(D) bone marrow*

16. The important contribution of psychology to health is

(A) giving treatment only to illness people

(B) developing illegal measures for assessing health related factors

(D) providing techniques in maintaining bad behavior that affect illness

17. The _________ t-cells produces lymphokines that stimulate other t-cells to grow, reproduce and attack in immune processes.

(A) killer

(B) helper

(D) delayed hypersensitivity*

https://books.google.com.my/books?id=ieruDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&lpg=PA70&dq=The+_________+t-cells+produces+lymphokines+that+stimulate+other+t-cells+to+grow,+reproduce+and+attack+in+immune+processes.&source=bl&ots=5PezKHM1Op&sig=ACfU3U1FcO6i-o2SOIxN2fPkH9dZHfdNgA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjr1eHBpKz5AhVS7TgGHXKLDBcQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=T

18. Which of the following is the effect of insufficient sleep?

(A) Restore energy

(B) Poor work performance*--impaired cognitive functioning, mood disturbance, impaired immune functioning

(D) Prompts the body to release growth hormone

19. The physiological cause and effect of asthma disease is the

(A) pancreas is not producing insulin

(B) inflammation of the tissue irritation

(D) lymphatic systems react in an allergic manner*--bronchial tubes and other tissues release histamine, irritate tissues, become inflamed, develop spasms, produce mucus

20. The treatment of epilepsy is

(A) exercise

(B) chemotherapy

(D) anticonvulsant drugs*--surgery

21. The health implications of diabetes mellitus are

i. gangrene

ii. kidney disease

iii. good eye vision

iv. peripheral vascular disease

(A) i and ii.

(B) i, ii and iv.*--neuropathy, blindness, heart disease, stroke (glucose leads to atherosclerosis)

(D) ii, iii and iv.

22. What are the main routes for the AIDS infection?

i. heterosexuals

ii. birth by healthy mother

iii. sharing contaminated needles

iv. sexual activity involving the exchange of body fluids

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) ii, iii and iv

23. The psychosocial impact on patient who is infected by AIDS is

(A) positive affect

(B) accepted by others

(D) fear and be blamed by others*

 Inert substance or treatments

 People can experience real symptom relief

 Lower likelihood of death.

Figure 1

24. The statement in figure 1 refers to

(A) drug

(B) alcohol

(D) cigarette

25. The cardiovascular benefit of healthy exercise is

(A) increases the heart rate--decrease

(B) increases LDL- cholesterol--decrease

(D) higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure--decrease

26. Degree to which the patient carries out the behaviors that the physician recommends is called

(A) adherence*

(B) competency

(D) non-adherence

 Developing and maintaining health by promoting behaviors in individuals of all ages

 Reducing or eliminating health damaging behaviors

 Helping people at risk for a particular health problem

Figure 2

27. The statements in figure 2 are the functions of health

(A) belief

(B) promotion

(D) psychology

28. Which of the following is TRUE regarding health behaviors?

(A) Health habits are fairly stable and do not change over time*

(B) Factors influencing health behaviors cannot vary across individuals--can

(D) Secondary prevention is the intervention to modify behaviors before the diseases begin--primary

 asks open-ended questions and allows discussion

 avoid jargon and encourages participation in decisions

Figure 4

29. The statement in figure 4 is the practitioner’s style of __________ centered.

(A) staff

(B) doctor

(D) patient*

30. The reaction of stress can lead to decreasing in

(A) cortisol

(B) heart rate and blood pressure

(D) blood flow to the kidneys and skin*

increase in level and mobilization of free fatty acids, cholesterol, TAG, platelet aggregation and adhesiveness

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. Pain is a sensory and emotional experience of discomfort.

a. Explain TWO (2) types of pain medications with their examples. (4 Marks)

b. Briefly describe THREE (3) conditions of chronic pain. (6 Marks)

2. Briefly describe the characteristics of

a. Anorexia Nervosa. (5 Marks)

b. Bulimia Nervosa. (5 Marks)

3. a. Briefly describe FIVE (5) reasons why people didn’t use healthcare services. (5 Marks)

b. Breifly describe FIVE (5) patients’ reasons for non-adherence. (5 Marks)

SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Question 1

a. Describe the emotion focused coping. (5 Marks)

b. Give FIVE (5) examples of the emotion focused coping methods. (5 Marks)

c. Describe the differences between emotion focused coping and problem focused coping. (10 Marks)

Question 2

With the reference of diagram, discuss the stages of behavioral change adapted from Grimley (1997) and Prochaska (1992). (20 Marks)

April 2019

SECTION A : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. All of the followings are signs and symptoms of the psychophysiological disorders EXCEPT

(A) tremor.

(B) fatigue.

(D) constipation.

2. All of the following statements explain the link between stress and the immune system problems EXCEPT

(A) stress appears to suppress the immune response.

(B) killer T-cells are higher during periods of high stress.*--lower

(D) cortisol that are released during stress decrease the functioning of Lymphocytes.

3. The organ involved in immune system is

(A) liver

(B) brain

(D) spleen*

4. The supernatural or magical belief that can cause disease is

(A) histeria

(B) phlegm

(D) medicine

5. The important contributions of psychology to health is

(A) waiting to only people who become ill.

(B) developing illegal measures for assessing health related factors.

(D) contribute a solid foundation of scientific methods for studying such behaviors.*

6. The _________ t-cells produces lymphokines that stimulate other t-cells to grow, reproduce and attack in immune processes.

(A) killer

(B) helper

(D) delayed hypersensitivity*

7. The _________ is a disease of the immune system.

(A) malaria

(B) tonsilitis*--AIDS, elephantiasis, mononucleosis, lymphoma, autoimmunity disorders, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, SLE

(D) diabetes mellitus

8. In order, starting from the first stage, what are the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

(A) Resistance, illness, alarm.

(B) Alarm, exhaustion, illness.

(D) Resistance, alarm, exhaustion.

9. Which of the following is the effect of normal stress response?

(A) Moody.

(B) Anxiety.*

(D) Substance abuse.

10. Stress management that teaches coping techniques helping client in

(A) maintaining a negative self-image.--positive

(B) maintaining physical equilibrium.--emotional

(D) increasing harmful environmental conditions.--reduce

develop stress tolerance

11. In order for people to make a change in their health behavior, they must have intention to do so, a positive attitude about behavior and a view that their social network will be supportive. The theory refers to

(A) social cognitive.

(B) changing stages.

(D) self-determination.

12. The approach that is MOST closely related to a positive psychology is the__________ approach.

(A) cognitive

(B) humanistic*

(D) socio cultural

13. The theorist that stressed the importance of self-actualization is

(A) Carl Rogers.

(B) Alfred Adler.

(D) Abraham Maslow.*

14. Which of the following statement is BEST describing the biopsychosocial model?

(A) Mental illness does not exist but rather a normal reaction to an abnormal situation.

(B) Societal forces such as oppression and poverty drive the development of mental illness.

(D) Genetic heritage causes a predisposition to mental illness but environmental and cognitive factors must be present for mental illness to develop.*

15. The treatment of chronic pain that remove membranes which become inflamed in arthritic joints is called

(A) surgery.--block transmission of pain from peripheral NS to brain

(B) spinal fusion.--joints 2 or more adjacent vertebrae

(D) drugs injection.

16. Which of the following is the example of stressor?

(A) Smoking

(A) Poor diet

(B) Talking to a friend

17. _____________ is the type of pain behavior.

(A) Positive affect

(B) Involve in activity

(D) Distorted ambulation or posture*

18. The physiological cause and effect of asthma disease is the

(A) inflammation of the tissue irritation.

(B) strong emotions will affect severity.

(D) lymphatic systems react in an allergic manner.*

19. The adapting method under good circumstances to chronic illness is

(A) may not have feelings of helplessness.

(B) may not try to normalize activities.

(D) first concern upon hearing diagnosis is not fears about mortality.--first ppl concern about mortality

20. Why people do not use the health services?

(A) Iatrogenic conditions.*

(B) patient does not need to know.

(D) Doctor ignores attempts to discuss other problems.

21. The symptom of stroke is

(A) steady.--unsteady

(B) cynical.

(D) numbness of the leg.*--face, arm

dimness, loss of vision, loss of speech, trouble talking or understanding speech, sudden fall

22. The treatment of epilepsy is

(A) exercise.

(B) chemotherapy.

(D) anticonvulsant drugs.*

23. Physicians use unclear sentences (jargon) because

i. to keep interaction long

ii. elevate practitioner’s status

iii. to reduce emotional reactions

iv. patient better off not knowing

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) ii, iii and iv*

24. The technique used to increase the patient adherence are

i. family-monitoring.--self

ii. providing reminders.--prompts

iii. tailoring the regimen.

iv. repeat key information.

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) ii, iii and iv*

25. The behavioral disturbances in Alzheimer’s disease are

i. phobias.

ii. orientated.

iii. delusional symptoms.

iv. hallucinatory disturbances.

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) ii, iii and iv

paranoid, activity disturbances, aggressively, diurnal rhythm (sleep) disturbance, affective disturbance, anxieties

26. The warning signs of cancer are

i. digestion swallowing.--indigestion, difficulty in swallowing

ii. a sore that can heal quickly.--does not heal

iii. unusual bleeding or discharge.

iv. obvious change in wart or mole.

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) ii, iii and iv

27. The health implications of diabetes mellitus are

i. gangrene.

ii. kidney disease.

iii. good eye vision.

iv. peripheral vascular disease.

(A) i and ii.

(B) i, ii and iv.*

(D) ii, iii and iv.

28. What is the MAIN difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

(A) Anorexia nervosa is not associated with vomiting.*

(B) Bulimia nervosa is more severe than anorexia nervosa.

(D) Anorexia nervosa is characterized by preoccupation with food whereas bulimia nervosa is not.--AN weight, BN food

29. The potential reasons for gender differences in mortality is

(A) males are more hardy.

(B) females engage in riskier behaviors.

(D) females tend to hold high stress or higher risk jobs.

30. The health risk from heavy alcohol use is

(A) bone cancer.

(B) multiple sclerosis.

(D) retardation and abnormalities in offspring.*--accidents, cirrhosis, cancer, fetal alcohol syndrome, cognitive impairment, brain damage

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. Briefly describe the relationship of stress with the immune system. (6 Marks)

2. Heart attack is a chronic condition requiring ongoing management. Briefly describe FIVE (5) methods to promote recovery and reduce risk of another attack. (6 Marks)

3. a. State FOUR (4) main routes for the AIDS infection. (4 Marks)

b. List TWO (2) psychososial impacts on patient who is infected by AIDS. (2 Marks)

4. a. Describe TWO (2) aims of health promotion. (2 Marks)

b. Give the definition of

i. primary prevention. (2 Marks)

ii. secondary prevention. (2 Marks)

5. Good behaviour will increase a good health. Briefly describe THREE (3) psychosocial and THREE (3) physiological benefits of exercise. (6 Marks)

SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

Question 1

a. Explain FOUR (4) types of pain medications with their examples. (10 Marks)

b. Explain the coping strategies using problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. (10 Marks)

Question 2

a. Explain the cognitive-emotional factors of non-adherence patient. (10 Marks)

b. Describe the behavioural and personal factors that can influence coping skills on chronic illness. (10 Marks)

September 2018

SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. Cognitive, emotional and behavioral are the key main points of

(A) anatomical.

(B) pathological.

(D) psychological.*

“A complete state of physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity”

2. Statement above is BEST be described as

(A) health.*

(B) illness.

(D) physiology.

3. Scientist who do research, health promotion, illness prevention to intervene at social is known as a

(A) Radiographer.

(B) Physiotherapist.

(D) Clinical health psychologist.

4. Evil spirit entered the body and caused illness is the beliefs from

(A) Greeks.

(B) Stone age.*

(D) Contemporary.

5. Which of the following statement described the important contribution of psychology towards health?

(A) Developing new medication to treat diseases.*

(B) Provide technique of positioning to reduce radiation dose.

(D) Keep people healthy rather than treat them when they become ill.

6. A sensory and emotional experience of discomfort which last more than 12 weeks is BEST be described as

(A) acute pain.

(B) chronic pain.*

(D) malignant disease.

7. The chronic pain conditions are as per stated EXCEPT

(A) neuralgia.--recurrent episodes of intense shooting or stabbing pain along the course of nerve

(B) causalgia.--recurrent episodes of severe burning pain

(D) phantom limb pain.--no pain and functioning nerves

 Hypnosis

 Meditation

 Biofeedback

8. The above statement is BEST be described the _____________pain treatment.

(A) surgical

(B) medication

(D) psychological*

9. Disorganized thinking, grief, helplessness or feeling overwhelmed are the examples of _____________ reaction towards chronic illness.

(A) shock

(B) retreat

(D) encounter*

10. Impaired breathing due to obstructed airways is BEST be described chronic pain of

(A) asthma.*

(B) epilepsy.

(D) Alzheimer’s disease.

11. Lesions of tangled nerve fibers and protein substance called beta amyloid are one of the__________ of Alzheimer’s disease.

(A) etiology*

(B) survival

(D) prognosis

12. Which of the statements are TRUE regarding themes of adaptation to chronic illnesses?

(A) Education.

(B) Feel meaningless.--find meaning

(D) Gain sense of control.*

13. Medication, balloon angioplasty, stenting and bypass surgery are choices of treatment of

(A) stroke.

(B) diabetes mellitus.

(D) cardiovascular disease.*

14. Which of the following statement is TRUE regarding potential reasons in mortality based on gender?

(A) Men less engaged in sports.

(B) Males tend to have less risk jobs.

(D) Men tend to have better health screening awareness.

 Sexual activity involving exchange body fluid

 Birth by infected mother

 Incidence increase among heterosexuals

15. All of the statements above are risk factors of

(A) AIDS.*

(B) stroke.

(D) cardiovascular disease.

16. Which of the statement is the view of stress?

(A) Coping.*--stressor, distress

(B) Tension.

(D) Pressure.

17. Which of the following is TRUE regarding behavioral aspect in promoting stress?

(A) Poor diet.*--increased alcohol and caffeine, smoking, inattention leading to carelessness

(B) Increased self esteem.

(D) Perceived inadequate recognition.

18. Antigen is

(A) slowing down the acting response.

(B) an antibodies that protect our body.

(D) a protein produce in the body in response to bacteria attack.

19. Tonsils, thymus and spleen are the lymphatic _____________in immune system.

(A) nodes

(B) organs*

(D) vessels

 Positive relationship

 Social interaction

 Spiritual healthy

20. The above statements are BEST be described a good _____________health.

(A) mental

(B) physical

(D) emotional*

 Prayed for guidance or strength

 Read relevant material for solution

 Took some action to improve situation

21. The statements above are closely related to _____________focus coping.

(A) mental

(B) problem*

(D) emotional

 Plan

 Priority

 Efficiency

22. The above points are describing

(A) cognitive therapy.

(B) time management.*

(D) psychological therapy.

23. Why people do NOT use health services?

(A) Iatrogenic condition.*

(B) Practitioner efficiency.

(D) High end and latest technology equipment.

24. Why physician use jargon?

(A) Keep interaction short.*

(B) Improve patient adherence.

(D) Patient need to learn the jargon.

25. Forgetting dose and stop therapy by the patient are the examples of

(A) non adherence.*

(B) patient compliance.

(D) understanding of the instruction.

26. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior such as vomiting, taking laxatives, diuretics and enemas are the characteristic of

(A) diarrhea.

(B) mental disorder.

(D) anorexia nervosa.

27. Accidents, injuries and heat stroke are the potential risks of

(A) smoke.

(B) alcohol.

(D) overeating.

28. All of the statement are the reasons of people smoking EXCEPT

(A) control weight.

(B) easy for urination.

(D) addicted to the taste and smell of smoke.

29. Increasing adaptation to the substance so that higher doses need to achieve same result are BEST defined the term of

(A) addiction.

(B) tolerance.*

(D) physical dependence.

30. Steps for healthy exercise are

i. Aerobics

ii. Warm-up

iii. Cool down

iv. Cardio training

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) i, ii, iii and iv*

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

1. List FIVE (5) examples of health psychologist might intervene to reduce disability. (5 Marks)

2. Draw a diagram of FIVE (5) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. (5 Marks)

3. Briefly explain on “Learned Helplessness Theory” by Seligman, Peterson et., al. in relation with helplessness. (5 Marks)

4. (a) Define the term “coping”. (3 Marks)

(b) State TWO (2) types of coping methods. (2 marks)

5. According to Image 1, label FIVE (5) related organs to immune system. (5 Marks)

(1) tonsils and adenoids

(2) thymus
(3) spleen

(4) appendix

(5) bone marrow

6. Briefly explain FIVE (5) reasons for patient’s non adherence towards physician instruction.

SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL TWO (2) QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1

(a) Discuss the reasons of women may live longer than men. (10 Marks)

(b) Explain the understanding on the Gate-control Theory- Ronald Melzack (1960s) with the aid of diagram. (10 Marks)

QUESTION 2

(a) Discuss health risks from heavy alcohol use. (10 Marks)

(b) Describe the importance of exercise towards psychosocial, physiological and cardiovascular health. (10 Marks)

June 2018

February 2018

SECTION A : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

1. Stress management that teaches coping techniques helping client in

(A) maintaining a negative self-image

(B) maintaining physical equilibrium

(D) maintaining or developing satisfying relations with others*

2. The physiological cause and effect of asthma disease is the

(A) inflammation of the tissue irritation

(B) strong emotions will affect severity

(D) lymphatic systems react in an allergic manner*

3. Which of the following is a criteria of anorexia nervosa?

(A) Intense fear of becoming fat.*

(B) Recurrent episodes of binge eating.--BN

(D) Refusal to maintain body weight at or under normal weight for age.--above

4. The cardiovascular benefit of healthy exercise is

(A) increases the heart rate

(B) increases HDL- cholesterol*

(D) higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure

5. Degree to which the patient carries out the behaviors the physician recommends is called

(A) adherence*

(B) competency

(D) non-adherence

6. The symptom of stroke is

(A) steady

(B) cynical

(D) numbness of the leg*

 High blood pressure

 Cigarette smoking

 High LDL and total cholesterol levels

 Diabetes

 obesity

Figure 1

7. The statement in figure 1 refers to the risk factors of

(A) cancer

(B) AIDS

(D) heart disease*

8. Why do people gain weight?

(A) Lower metabolic rate.*--malfunctioning endocrine glands, hereditary

(B) Lower blood pressure.

(D) Lower immune system.

9. Which of the following is potential reasons for gender differences in mortality?

(A) Males are more hardy.

(B) Females engage in riskier behaviors.

(D) Females tend to hold high stress or higher risk jobs.

10. The treatment of chronic pain that remove membranes which become inflamed in arthritic joints is called

(A) surgery

(B) spinal fusion

(D) drugs injection

11. The reaction of stress can lead to decrease in

(A) cortisol

(B) heart rate and blood pressure

(D) blood flow to the kidneys and skin*

12. Recurrent episodes of severe burning pain is called

(A) injury

(B) neuralgia

(D) phantom limb pain

 Inert substance or treatments

 People can experience real symptom relief

 Lower likelihood of death.

Figure 2

13. The statement in figure 2 refers to

(A) drugs

(B) alcohol

(D) cigarette

 Developing and maintaining healthy by promoting behaviours in individuals of all ages.

 Reducing or eliminating health damaging behaviours

 Helping people at risk for a particular health problem.

Figure 3

14. The statements in figure 3 are the functions of health

(A) belief

(B) promotion

(D) psychology

15. Which of the following is TRUE regarding health behaviours?

(A) Health habits are fairly stable and do not change over time.*

(B) Factors influencing health behaviours cannot vary across individuals.

(D) Secondary prevention is the intervening to modify behaviours before the diseases begin.

16. The _________ t-cells produces lymphokines that stimulate other t-cells to grow, reproduce and attack in immune processes.

(A) killer

(B) helper

(D) delayed hypersensitivity*

17. Which of the following is the example of stressor?

(A) Smoking.

(B) Poor diet.

(D) Deadlines.*

18. The organ involved in immune system is

(A) liver

(B) heart

(D) lymph nodes*

 asks open-ended questions and allows discussion

 avoid jargon and encourages participation in decisions

Figure 4

19. The statement in figure 4 is the practitioner’s style of __________ centered.

(A) staff

(B) doctor

(D) patient*

20. The __________ is a supernatural or magical belief that can cause disease.

(A) histeria

(B) phlegm

(D) bulimia nervosa

21. The treatment of epilepsy is

(A) exercise

(B) chemotherapy

(D) anticonvulsant drugs*

22. The rational reason for non-adherence of patient is

(A) trusting the treatment is working

(B) have enough money to pay for the treatment

(D) feeling that side effects are worth than the benefits of treatment

23. The patient’s behaviors that upsets the doctor is

(A) expressing respect--anger or critism

(B) listening to what doctor said--ignoring

(D) requesting the doctor certify something that does not think is true*

sexually suggestive remarks

24. The psychosocial impact on patient who is infected by AIDS is

(A) positive affect

(B) involve in activity

(D) others fear and blame them*

25. The types of pain medications include

i. local analgesics--inject into site of injury or applied topically (novocaine)

ii. directly acting drugs--indirectly, affect non-pain conditions (emotions) that can exacerbate pain experience

iii. centrally active analgesics--narcotics that bind to opiate receptors in brain (codeine, morphine, heroin)

iv. peripherally active analgesics--work at periphery (aspirin, tylenol)

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) ii, iii and iv

26. Physicians use unclear sentences (jargon) because

i. to keep interaction long--short

ii. elevate practitioner’s status

iii. to reduce emotional reactions

iv. patient better off not knowing

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) ii, iii and iv*

27. The technique used to increase the patient adherence are

i. family-monitoring--self

ii. providing reminders

iii. tailoring the regimen

iv. repeat key information

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) ii, iii and iv*

28. The behavioral disturbances in Alzheimer’s disease are

i. phobias

ii. orientated

iii. delusional symptoms

iv. hallucinatory disturbances

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) ii, iii and iv

29. The warning signs of cancer are

i. digestion swallowing

ii. a sore that can heal quickly

iii. unusual bleeding or discharge

iv. obvious change in wart or mole

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) ii, iii and iv

30. The main routes for the AIDS infection include

i. birth by healthy mother

ii. sharing contaminated needles

iii. sexual activity involving the exchange of body fluids

iv. incidence is increasing particularly among heterosexuals

(A) i and ii

(B) i, ii and iv

(D) ii, iii and iv*

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

1. Stress appears to suppress the immune response.

a. Give FOUR (4) examples of unhealthy lifestyles that can impair immune functioning. (4 Marks)

b. Describe the relationship of stress with the immune system. (6 Marks)

2. Good behavior will increase a good health.

a. Describe THREE (3) psychosocial and THREE (3) physiological benefits of exercise. (6 Marks)

b. List FOUR (4) health risks from heavy alcohol use. (4 Marks)

3. Chronic illness is a human health condition or disease that is persistent and long lasting in its effects.

a. Describe the techniques people adapting to chronic illness under good circumstances. (5 Marks)

b. Describe FIVE (5) methods to the rehabilitation of heart attack. (5 Marks)

SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY.

Question 1

Patient adherence to the treatment is very important in measuring the increasing of patient using health services.

a. Discuss the reasons of people who don’t use health services. (10 Marks)

b. Explain the cognitive-emotional factors of non-adherence patient. (10 Marks)

Question 2

Health is not simply the absence of illness or sickness.

a. Define health. (2 Marks)

b. Describe health psychology. (8 Marks)

c. Discuss the important contributions of psychology to health. (10 Marks)

Question 3

Coping is like the moderator of the stress experience.

a. Describe coping. (6 Marks)

b. Explain the coping strategies using problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. (10 Marks)

c. Describe behavioral and personal factors that can influence coping skills on chronic illness. (4 Marks)

September 2017

SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. Intervene at the individual level to treat illness, slow or prevent disease progression and reduce disability is called

(A) health promotion

(B) environmental health

(D) clinical health psychologist*

2. The ________ factor can contribute to health status.

(A) gender

(B) antigen

(D) temperature

3. A complete state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity is known as

(A) health*

(B) sorcery

(D) antibiotic

4. Which of the following is an organ involved in immune system?

(A) Liver

(B) Pancreas

(D) Adrenal gland

5. The _________ is a disease of the immune system.

(A) Addison's disease

(B) diabetes insipidus

(D) systemic lupus erythematosus*

6. The __________ is a health protective behavior.

(A) smoking

(B) sufficient sleep*

(D) sharing contaminated needles

7. Which of the following is a criteria of bulimia nervosa?

(A) Intense fear of weight loss.

(B) Absence of at least one consecutive menstrual cycle.

(D) Recurrent episodes of binge eating characterized by eating an abnormally large quantity of food in a discrete period of time and a sense of lack of control over eating.*

8. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of exercise?

(A) Improved agility

(B) Improved bone density

(D) Heart exhaustion and heat stroke*

9. The _________ can cause people gain weight.

(A) gender

(B) high metabolic rate

(D) malfunctioning of red bone marrow

10. Which of the following is a stressor?

(A) Picnic

(B) Exercise

(D) Watch movie

11. Which of the following can cause job stress?

(A) Physical environment*

(B) Low responsibility for others--high

(D) Perceived adequate advancement--inadequate

unemployment, role conflict

12. Which of the following is an example of acute stress?

(A) Personality

(B) Work stress

(D) Giving a speech*

13. Asks open-ended questions, allows discussion and avoids jargon and encourages participation in decisions is styles of

(A) staff-centered

(B) doctor-centered

(D) patient-centered*

14. Physicians use unclear sentences (jargon) because

(A) patient need to know

(B) increase emotional reactions

(D) patient better off not knowing*

15. Which of the following can cause patient who are NOT adherence to use health services?

(A) Use jargon sentences*

(B) Tailoring the regimen

(D) Recruit sources of support

16. The patient don’t use health services because

(A) not embarrassment

(B) fear of serious disease*

(D) not worry about discriminatory practices

17. A sensory and emotional experience of discomfort is called

(A) pain*

(B) fear

(D) stress

18. The pain behavior can cause

(A) positive affect--negative

(B) participate in an activity--avoidance

(D) facial expression of happiness

19. Chronic pain is associated with higher level of

(A) anger*

(B) freedom

(D) sex desire

20. Narcotics that can be injected into the site of injury or applied topically is a type of pain medication for

(A) skin analgesics

(B) local analgesics*

(D) peripherally active analgesics

21. Which of the following is a behavioral disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease?

(A) Lazy

(B) Clever

(D) Hardworking

22. Impaired breathing due to obstructed airways is called

(A) cancer

(B) asthma*

(D) hypertension

23. Which of the following is a coping skill in management of chronic illness?

(A) Recruiting audience--support

(B) Seeking information*

(D) Gaining a negative perspective--manageable

24. High levels of blood sugar over time leads to hyperglycemia can cause

(A) epilepsy

(B) elephantiasis

(D) diabetes insipidus

25. Which of the following is adapting under bad circumstances to chronic illness?

(A) May try to normalize activities

(B) May have feelings of helplessness

(D) Relapse seen as a bad sign with poor prognosis--wrong

26. Risk factor that can cause heart disease include

(A) insulin insufficiency

(B) high cholesterol levels*

(D) decrease in the antidiuretic hormone

27. Due to narrowing or blocking of the coronary arteries can cause

(A) stroke

(B) malaria

(D) heart disease*

28. The chemotherapy is an option for _________ treatment.

(A) stroke

(B) cancer*

(D) hypertension

29. Which of the following environmental factor can cause cancer?

(A) War

(B) Radiation*--smoking, diet, chemical, viral component, genetics

(D) Marital conflict

30. Human immunodeficiency virus can cause

(A) Acromegaly

(B) Addison's disease

(D) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome*

SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. a. List FIVE (5) supernatural or magical belief that can cause disease. (5 Marks)

b. Determine FIVE (5) treatments to cure disease from supernatural or magical belief. (5 Marks)

2. a. Describe about what patient want from doctor. (5 Marks)

b. Explain about the patient’s behaviour that upsets the doctor. (5 Marks)

3. a. Explain about types of pain medications. (5 Marks)

b. Describe about psychological pain control methods. (5 Marks)

SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY

Question 1

a. Briefly describe about types of cancer. (5 Marks)

b. Determine SEVEN (7) potential risks of exercise. (7 Marks)

c. List EIGHT (8) health risks from heavy alcohol use. (8 Marks)

Question 2

a. Explain about personal factors affecting stress appraisal. (5 Marks)

b. Describe about situational factors affecting stress appraisals. (7 Marks)

c. Describe about coping strategies using problem-focused Coping. (8 Marks)

Question 3

a. Explain briefly about cancer treatment options. (5 Marks)

b. Explain about rehabilitation of heart disease. (7 Marks)

c. State EIGHT (8) stroke risk factors. (8 Marks)

January 2017

SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. The program to promote health and prevent illness and disease among the individual and community level is called

(A) health promotion*--government policy

(B) environmental health

(D) clinical health psychology

2. The ________ factor can contribute to health status.

(A) gender

(B) genetic*

(D) temperature

3. The __________ is a supernatural or magical belief that can cause disease.

(A) carrier

(B) sorcery

(D) antibiotic

4. Which of the following is an organ involved in immune system?

(A) heart

(B) penis

(D) spleen*

5. The _________ is a disease of the immune system.

(A) malaria

(B) lymphoma*

(D) diabetes mellitus

6. The __________ is a health protective behavior.

(A) drug use

(B) smoking

(D) sharing contaminated needles

7. Which of the following is a criteria of anorexia nervosa?

(A) Intense fear of weight loss.

(B) Absence of at least one consecutive menstrual cycle.--3

(D) Transports a pathogenic organism from an infected to a non-infected host.

8. Which of the following is NOT a potential risk of exercise?

(A) Injuries

(B) Increase immune system*

(D) Heart exhaustion and heat stroke

9. The _________ can cause people gain weight.

(A) heredity*

(B) pathogen

(D) malfunctioning of thymus

10. Which of the following is NOT a stressor?

(A) War

(B) Dense traffic

(D) Overcrowding

11. Which of the following can cause job stress?

(A) Role conflict*

(B) Low responsibility for others

(D) Good interpersonal relationships

12. Process of managing the discrepancy between the demands of the situation and the available resources is called

(A) coping*

(B) susceptible

(D) commensalism

13.

Figure 1

The close-ended questions and focuses on first problem mentioned and ignores attempts to discuss other problems.

The Figure 1 is referred to style of

(A) staff-centered

(B) doctor-centered*

(D) patient-centered

14. Physicians use unclear sentences (jargon) because

(A) patient need to know

(B) increase emotional reactions

(D) patient better off not knowing*

15. The patient’s behavior that upsets the doctor is

(A) an expressing happiness

(B) listening to what doctor said

(D) a requesting the doctor certify something he/she does not think is true*

16. What is the suitable attitude should be expected from the doctor?

(A) lazy

(B) feeling sick

(D) has a sexual desire

17. A sensory and emotional experience of discomfort is called

(A) pain*

(B) fear

(D) stress

18. Which of the following is a type of pain behavior?

(A) positive affect

(B) participate in an activity

(D) distorted ambulation or posture*

19. Chronic pain is associated with higher level of

(A) sadness*

(B) freedom

(D) sex desire

20. Narcotics that bind to the opiate receptors in the brain is a type of pain medication for

(A) skin analgesics

(B) local analgesics

(D) peripherally active analgesics

21. Which of the following is NOT the behavioral disturbance in Alzheimer’sdisease?

(A) lazy*

(B) phobias

(D) aggressively

22. Impaired breathing due to obstructed airways can cause

(A) cancer

(B) asthma*

(D) hypertension

23. Which of the following is a coping skill in management of chronic illness?

(A) recruiting audience

(B) seeking relationship

(D) considering possible future events*

24. Recurrent sudden seizures due to electrical disturbances of the cerebral cortex can cause

(A) arthritis

(B) epilepsy*

(D) elephantiasis

25. Which of the following is adapting under bad circumstances to chronic illness?

(A) may try to normalize activities

(B) may have feelings of helplessness

(D) relapse seen as a bad sign with poor prognosis--wrong

26. Rehabilitation in heart disease include

(A) stress management*

(B) watch scary movie

(D) increase alcohol intake

27. Tissue damage to area of the brain due to disruption in blood supply, depriving that area of the brain of oxygen can cause

(A) stroke*

(B) malaria

(D) hypertension

28. Which of the following is a cancer option for treatment?

(A) social taboo

(B) trephination

(D) confession and appeasing of the doctor

29. Which of the following is a factor can cause cancer?

(A) exercise

(B) smoking*

(D) watch movie

30. Which of the following virus can cause Acquired immune deficiency syndrome?

(A) ebola virus

(B) H1N1 virus

(D) human immunodeficiency virus*

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. a. Define health. (2 Marks)

b. Describe the contributions of health psychology. (4 Marks)

c. Explain the functions of health psychology. (4 Marks)

2. a. Describe how to increase patient adherence. (5 Marks)

b. Explain why people don’t use health services. (5 Marks)

3. a. Explain FIVE (5) potential reasons for gender difference in mortality. (5 Marks)

b. Determine FIVE (5) signs and symptoms in diabetes mellitus. (5 Marks)

4. a. Determine THREE (3) main routes for the AIDS infection. (3 Marks)

b. Briefly describe about signs and symptoms in cancer. (7 Marks)

SECTION C: MODIFIED ESSAY QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY

Question 1

a. Explain benefits of exercise. (7 Marks)

b. Explain FOUR (4) reasons people are smoking. (8 Marks)

Question 2

a. State FOUR (4) benefits of stress management. (4 Marks)

b. Compare between acute and chronic stress. (4 Marks)

c. Describe the coping strategies using emotion-focused method. (7 Marks)

Question 3

a. Explain effects of stroke. (7 Marks)

b. State SEVEN (7) risk factors for heart disease. (8 Marks)

August 2016

SECTION A : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. ______________ is a potential risk of exercise.

(A) Injuries*

(B) Healthy eating

(D) Good work performance

Study focuses on understanding of relationship of biological, psychological, environmental and cultural factors in physical health and illness.

2. The statement above describes the ____________ psychology.

(A) social

(B) health*

(D) counseling

3. The physiological cause and effect of asthma disease is the

(A) strong emotions will affect severity.

(B) contact with allergen can trigger a reaction.

(D) bronchial tubes and other tissues release histamines.*

4. Which of the following is a criteria of bulimia nervosa?

(A) Intense fear of weight gain.

(B) Recurrent episodes of binge eating.*

(D) Refusal to maintain body weight at or above normal weight for age.

5. The cardiovascular benefit of healthy exercise is

(A) increasing the heart rate.

(B) lowering HDL- cholesterol.

(D) lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure.*

Tissue damage to area of the brain due to disruption in blood supply, depriving that area of the brain of oxygen.

6. The statement above refers to the ___________ disease.

(A) heart

(B) stroke*

(D) diabetes mellitus

7. The health implications of diabetes mellitus are

i. gangrene.

ii. kidney disease.

iii. good eye vision.

iv. peripheral vascular disease.

(A) i and ii.

(B) i, ii and iv.*

(D) ii, iii and iv.

 change in bowel or bladder habits

 unusual bleeding or discharge.

 Obvious change in wart or mole.

8. The statement above refers to the warning signs of

(A) cancer.*

(B) homicide.

(D) heart disease.

 asks close-ended questions and focuses on first problem mentioned.

 Ignores attempts to discuss other problems.

9. The statement above is the practitioner’s style of

(A) staff-centered.

(B) doctor-centered.*

(D) patient-centered.

10. Which of the following is NOT the reason given by people for smoking?

(A) Habit.

(B) It can release stress.

(D) It can reduce body weight.

11. Physicians use unclear sentences (jargon) because

i. to keep interaction long.

ii. to reduce emotional reactions.

iii. patient better off not knowing.

iv. to reduce recognition of errors.

(A) i and ii.

(B) i, ii and iv.

(D) ii, iii and iv.*

12. The health risk from heavy alcohol use is

(A) brain damage.*

(B) multiple sclerosis.

(D) cardiac wall motion abnormalities.

 It is an ongoing environmental demand.

 Marital conflict, work stress and personality.

13. The statement above refers to _____________ stress.

(A) acute

(B) chronic*

(D) dangerous

14. A sensory and emotional experience of discomfort is called

(A) pain.*

(B) injury.

(D) depression.

 Inert substance or treatments.

 People can experience real symptom relief.

 Lower likelihood of death.

15. The statement above refers to

(A) drugs.

(B) alcohol.

(D) cigarette.

16. Degree to which the patient carries out the behaviors the physician recommends is called

(A) adherence.*

(B) compliance.

(D) non-adherence.

17. The technique used to increase the patient adherence are

i. self-monitoring.

ii. providing reminders.

iii. using jargon sentences.

iv. promoting health behavior.

(A) i and ii.

(B) i, ii and iv.*

(D) ii, iii and iv.

A complete state of physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.

18. The statement above defines the

(A) health.*

(B) illness.

(D) psychology.

19. The ___________ is the treatment of chronic pain.

(A) exercise

(B) synovectomy*

(D) chemotherapy

20. The behavioral disturbances in Alzheimer’s disease are

i. aggressivity.

ii. sleep disorders.

iii. marital conflicts.

iv. paranoid symptoms.

(A) i and ii.

(B) i, ii and iv.*

(D) ii, iii and iv.

Intervene at the social or individual level to promote health and prevent illness and disease.

21. The statement above defines the

(A) health promotion.

(B) environmental health.

(D) clinical health psychologist.*

22. The _________ destroy foreign tissue, cancerous cells and cells invaded by antigens.

(A) killer t-cells*

(B) helper t-cells

(D) suppressor t-cells

23. Which of the following is an organ involved in immune system?

(A) Penis.

(B) Heart.

(D) Spleen.*

24. The __________ is NOT a supernatural or magical belief that can cause disease.

(A) sorcery

(B) histeria*

(D) breach of social taboo

25. The psychosocial factors that influence people to become epilepsy are

i. stigma.

ii. positive self-concept.

iii. may not be able to drive.

iv. not allowed to perform certain jobs.

(A) i and ii.

(B) i, ii and iv.

(D) ii, iii and iv.

affected individual and family often adjust poorly

emotional arousal may increase severity of attack

Physical and psychological dependence on a substance following use over a period of time.

26. The statement above refers to

(A) addiction.*

(B) tolerance.

(D) physical dependence.

27. The ________ factor can contribute to health status.

(A) gender

(B) genetic*

(D) temperature

28. The _________ is a disease of the immune system.

(A) malaria

(B) tonsilitis*

(D) diabetes mellitus

29. The main routes for the AIDS infection include

i. birth by infected mother.

ii. sharing foods and drinks.

iii. sexual activity involving the exchange of body fluids.

iv. incidence is increasing particularly among heterosexuals.

(A) i and ii.

(B) i, ii and iv.

(D) ii, iii and iv.

30. _____________ is the type of pain behavior.

(A) Positive affect

(B) Involve in activity

(D) Distorted ambulation or posture*

SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. Describe THREE (3) psychososial and THREE (3) physiological benefits of exercise. (6 Marks)

2. Describe the rational reasons for non-adherence of patient. (4 Marks)

3. Describe FIVE (5) methods to the rehabilitation of heart attack. (5 Marks)

4. Give the patient’s behaviours that upset the doctor. (5 Marks)

5. Describe the unhealthy lifestyles that can impair immune functioning. (4 Marks)

6. a. Describe TWO (2) aims of health promotion. (2 Marks)

b. Define

i. primary prevention. (2 Marks)

ii. secondary prevention. (2 Marks)

SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY

Question 1

a. Describe FIVE (5) potential reasons for gender differences in mortality. (5 Marks)

b. Explain why people don’t use health services. (5 Marks)

c. Explain THREE (3) types of pain medications with their examples. (6 Marks)

d. Describe behavioral and personal factors that can influence coping skills on chronic illness. (4 Marks)

Question 2

Regarding the stress illness management,

a. discuss the factors that can slightly reduce the stress-illness link. (10 Marks)

b. explain the coping strategies using problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. (10 Marks)

Question 3

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

a. Explain the functions of stress that can increase the immune system problems. (6 Marks)

b. Describe the importance of exercises in HIV-infected patients to prevent further complications. (10 Marks)

c. List TWO (2) psychososial impacts on patient who is infected by AIDS. (4 Marks)

January 2016

SECTION A : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

1. The physiological cause and effect of asthma disease is the

(A) strong emotions will affect severity.

(B) contact with allergen can trigger a reaction.

(D) bronchial tubes and other tissues release histamines.*

2. Primary appraisal and secondary appraisal commonly

(A) are cognitive activities.

(B) occur at the same time.

(D) take about the same amount of time.

Study focuses on understanding of relationship of biological, psychological, environmental and cultural factors in physical health and illness.

3. The statement above describe the

(A) social psychology.

(B) health psychology.*

(D) counseling psychology.

4. Emotion-focused coping involves

(A) control stressor.*

(B) using defense mechanisms.

(D) a rational approach to solve the problems.

5. All of the following statements explain the link between stress and the immune system problems EXCEPT

(A) stress appears to suppress the immune response.

(B) killer T-cells are higher during periods of high stress.*

(D) cortisol that are released during stress decrease the functioning of Lymphocytes.

6. ________________ is an example of an individual believing that he/she can successfully engage in a behavior that promotes health.

(A) Faith

(B) Willpower

(D) Self-efficacy*

7. Which of the following cancer patients would you predict to have the weakest immune system?

(A) Arvin owns a business, has many friends but lives by himself.

(B) Timah is a university graduate, has a good job and a loving family.

(D) Jackie is homeless, sleeps and eats at shelters whenever he can and is generally alone.*

Tissue damage to area of the brain due to disruption in blood supply and depriving that area of the brain of oxygen.

8. The statement above refer to the ___________ disease.

(A) heart

(B) stroke*

(D) diabetes mellitus

9. The patient’s behavior that upsets the doctor is

(A) an expressing happiness.

(B) listening to what doctor said.

(D) a requesting the doctor certify something he/she does think is true.

10. Which of the following situation is the BEST example of a stressor?

(A) Taking a vacation.

(B) Talking to a friend.

(D) Getting good examination result.

11. ______________ is NOT a potential risk of exercise.

(A) Injuries

(B) High metabolic rate

(D) Precipitate a heart attack

12. Happy emotions are linked to healthy immune functioning because they

(A) release of immunoglobulin A.

(A) increase prefrontal cortex activity.

(B) have genetically superior immune systems.

13. Physicians use unclear sentences (jargon) because

(A) patient need to know.

(B) patient better off not knowing.*

(D) to increase recognition of errors.

Process of managing the discrepancy between the demands of the situation and the available resources.

14. The statement above refers to

(A) coping.*

(B) susceptible.

(D) commensalism.

15. The open-ended questions allows discussion and avoid jargon to encourages participation in decisions is styles of _____________ centered.

(A) staff

(B) doctor

(D) patient*

16. Which of the following is a criteria of bulimia nervosa?

(A) Intense fear of weight gain.

(B) Recurrent episodes of binge eating.*

(D) Refusal to maintain body weight at or above normal weight for age.

17. The benefit of healthy exercise is

(A) reduced agility.--improved

(B) decrease bone density.--improved

(D) decrease production of endorphins.--increase

18. What is the general goal of health psychology?

(A) Use the principles of medicine to treat the physical body.

(B) Encourage individuals throughout the world to get regular medical checkups.

(D) Use psychological knowledge to promote wellness and positive health behaviors.*

Amin which diagnosed with cancer does not talk about or acknowledge the diagnosis.

19. The above statement refers to the ___________ defense mechanisms.

(A) denial*

(B) projection

(D) rationalization

20. Insufficient sleep can cause

(A) mood disturbance.*

(B) better work performance.

(D) good cognitive functioning.

21. The technique used to increase the patient adherence is

(A) providing reminders.*

(B) using jargon sentences.

(D) recruiting sources of motivation.--support

22. Which of the following statement is TRUE regarding the rehabilitation of heart attack?

(A) Smoking.

(B) Drug addiction.

(D) Excessive alcohol intake.

Conducting research to identify behaviors and experiences that promote health, give rise to illness, and influence the effectiveness of health care.

23. The statement above is the responsible of the

(A) physiotherapist.

(B) psychiatric doctors.

(D) health psychologists.*

24. The following antigens can trigger an immune response EXCEPT

(A) fungi.

(B) viruses.

(D) pathogen.*

25. The _________ can cause people gain weight.

(A) heredity*

(B) pathogen

(D) malfunctioning of endocrine glands*

26. The __________ is a supernatural or magical belief that can cause disease.

(A) carrier

(B) sorcery

(D) antibiotic

27. The rational reason for non-adherence is

(A) trusting the treatment is not working.

(B) do not have enough time to go for the treatment.

(D) feeling that side effects are worth than the benefits of treatment.

28. Factor that can reduce the risk of heart disease is

(A) obesity.

(B) physical inactivity.

(D) low LDL and total cholesterol levels.*

29. ______________ prevention is the intervening to modify behaviors to prevent progression of disease.

(A) Last

(B) Middle

(D) Secondary*

 It is a sudden, typically short lived and threatening event.

 robbery and giving a speech.

30. The statement above refer to _____________ stress.

(A) acute*

(B) chronic

(D) dangerous

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

1. a. State the World Health definition of health (1948). (2 Marks)

b. Describe the functions of health psychology. (4 Marks)

2. Describe FIVE (5) potential reasons for gender differences in mortality. (5 Marks)

3. a. Explain THREE (3) types of pain medications with their examples. (6 Marks)

b. List FOUR (4) types of pain behavior. (4 Marks)

4. a. State FIVE (5) methods of the coping skills in a chronic illness management. (5 Marks)

b. Describe behavioral and personal factors that can influence coping skills on chronic illness. (4 Marks)

SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY.

Question 1

Mr. Shahrul was diagnosed as having ischemic heart disease for more than 6 years. This Chronic illness leads him to experience psychological problems.

a. List FIVE (5) psychological aspects which will influence to Mr. Shahrul. (5 Marks)

b. Explain the importance of the emotional support from his family and friends. (15 Marks)

Question 2

Regarding the stress illness management,

a. Discuss the factors that can slightly reduce the stress-illness link. (10 Marks)

b. Explain the coping strategies using problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. (10 marks)

Question 3

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

a. Explain the aims of counseling for AIDS infected patients. (12 Marks)

b. Describe the importance of exercises in AIDS infected patients to prevent further complications. (8 Marks)

August 2015

SECTION A : MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS.

1. The science of behavior and mental process is also known as

(A) biology

(B) sociology

(D) anthropology

2. One of the reasons to study psychology is to

(A) learn how to manipulate others.

(B) have the answers to all of life's questions.

(D) completely understand and predict human behavior.

3. Brain mechanisms involved in hunger and thirst would most likely be studied by a

(A) bio psychologist.*

(B) learning theorist.

(D) sensory psychologist.

4. The goals of psychology are to

(A) explain the functioning of the human mind.

(B) develop effective methods of psychotherapy.

(D) describe, predict, understand, and control behavior.*

5. Freud believed that all thoughts and actions are determined by

(A) the first year of life.

(B) the drive for self-actualization.

(D) forces in the personality that are often unconscious.

6. Modern psychodynamic theorists or neo-Freudians focused on

(A) human perceptions.

(B) observable behavior.

(D) social motives and relationships that influence our behavior.

7. Covert behavior is

(A) anything a person does.

(B) only those things a person does which you can see.

(D) only those things which can be recorded by a camera.

8. The proper use of reward, punishment, and behavior modification are results of

(A) humanism.

(B) behaviorism.*

(D) functionalism.

9. Which of the following BEST describes Maslow's concept of self-actualization?

(A) Self-actualization

(B) The need to develop individual potential

(D) The need to protect one's self-image through self-deception

10. Which of the following is an unconscious personality structure made up of biological urges seeking fulfillment?

(A) id*

(B) ego

(D) subconscious

11. Freud believed that personality was classified by

(A) a delicate balance of power among the three personality structures.*

(B) a lack of struggle among the three personality structures in the healthy individual.

(D) a state of struggle among the three personality structures in which the id gets caught in the middle.

12. If you know the personality of an identical twin, you can expect the personality of the other twin to be

(A) similar.*

(B) identical.

(D) conflicting.

https://mcqmate.com/discussion/75002/if-you-know-the-personality-of-an-identical-twin-you-can-expect-the-personality-of-the-other-twin-to-be

13. We have a perception of our own personality traits. This perception strongly influences our behavior. Psychologists call this perception a

(A) self-esteem.

(B) self-concept.*

(D) self-evaluation.

14. If self-esteem is too high, the person may be

(A) lazy

(B) loyal

(D) arrogant*

15. The halo effect refers to

(A) use of ambiguous or unstructured stimuli.

(B) process of admitting experience into consciousness.

(D) tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to unrelated details of personality.*

16. Classifying people as having either a Type A or Type B personality has been used to predict

(A) success in education.

(B) competency as a parent.

(D) chances of developing a serious mental illness.

17. According to Erikson, a major conflict in the first year of life is that between

(A) initiative versus guilt

(B) trust versus mistrust.

(D) autonomy versus shame and doubt.

18. Grief refers to

(A) demoralization and discouragement.

(B) the period of emotional adjustment that follows the death of a loved one.

(D) the period during which a person seems dazed or numb and shows little emotion.

19. Which of the following is the longest stage of grieving for most people?

(A) anger

(B) shock

(D) depression

20. If you are a young adult, you are interested in developing

(A) integrity.

(B) initiative.

(D) generativity.

21. Which of the following is the MOST likely outcome for psychotherapy?

(A) a complete personal transformation

(B) learning skills to better cope with stress

(D) overcoming the effects of early psychologically damages

22. Psychoanalysis is to insight as behavior therapy is to

(A) action.

(B) Medical.

(D) Understanding.*

23. Which of the following promotes mental health?

(A) Identity confusion

(B) Type A personality

(D) Lack of self-control

24. The behavioral technique that has been MOST effective in treating depression is

(A) spiritual therapy.

(B) aversion therapy.

(D) behavioral therapy.

25. A verbal interaction between a trained mental health professional and several patients is called

(A) group therapy.*

(B) insight therapy.

(D) individual therapy.

26. A cognitive therapist is concerned primarily with helping clients change their

(A) habits.

(B) life-styles.

(D) thinking patterns.*

27. Ms Zee has a habit of biting her finger nails. This action shows that she is developing a negative

(A) attitude.

(B) behavior.*--habit

(D) personality.

28. Which of the following statement are the symptoms of ‘burn out’?

(A) Feeling fatigue and tense or ‘used up’.*

(B) Suffering from various physical complaint.

(D) Being apathetic and expressing a don’t care attitude towards work.

29. Mrs T , 60 years old has just died. Her husband refuses to admit that she has gone and talking alone to himself. Generally acts as though she is still with him. Mr T is using the defense mechanism of

(A) denial.*

(B) rejection.

(D) avoidance.

30. A terminally ill client, is moving gradually towards resolution of feelings about impending death. Based on Kubler-Ross, which of the following stage refers to the patient’s condition?

(A) Anger

(B) Denial

(D) Acceptance*

SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

1. a. Define health psychology. (2 Marks)

b. Differentiate need and want. (5 Marks)

2. a. State TWO (2) factors influences on personality. (2 Marks)

b. Differentiate between traits of personality A and B. (5 Marks)

3. Identify function of each immune system components:

a. T cells. (1 Mark)

b. B cells. (1 Mark)

c. Macrophages. (1 Mark)

4. Differentiate between acute and chronic illness. (5 Marks)

5. Explain any FOUR (4) stages of ‘grief ’by Kübler Ross. (8 Marks)

SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY.

Question 1

Elaborate with examples Maslow’s theory of needs. (20 Marks)

Question 2

Summarize the Bio-psychosocial model of disease. Provide your relevant examples. (20 Marks)

Question 3

Discuss Stress versus health and stress management. Provide your relevant examples. (20 Marks)

January 2015

SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. Intervene at the social or individual level to promote health and prevent illness and disease is called

(A) health promotion

(B) environmental health

(D) clinical health psychology*

2. The ________ factor can contribute to health status.

(A) gender

(B) genetic*

(D) temperature

3. The __________ is a supernatural or magical belief that can cause disease.

(A) carrier

(B) sorcery

(D) antibiotic

4. Which of the following is an organ involved in immune system?

(A) penis

(B) heart

(D) spleen*

5. The _________ is a disease of the immune system.

(A) malaria

(B) lymphoma*

(D) diabetes mellitus

6. The __________ is a health protective behavior.

(A) drug use

(B) smoking

(D) sharing contaminated needles

7. Which of the following is a criteria of anorexia nervosa?

(A) Intense fear of weight loss.

(B) Absence of at least one consecutive menstrual cycle.

(D) Transports a pathogenic organism from an infected to a non-infected host.

8. Which of the following is NOT a potential risk of exercise?

(A) Injuries

(B) Increase immune system*

(D) Heart exhaustion and heat stroke

9. The _________ can cause people gain weight.

(A) heredity*

(B) pathogen

(D) malfunctioning of thymus

10. Which of the following is NOT a stressor?

(A) War

(B) Dense traffic

(D) Overcrowding

11. Which of the following can cause job stress?

(A) Role conflict*

(B) Low responsibility for others

(D) Good interpersonal relationships

12. Process of managing the discrepancy between the demands of the situation and the available resources is called

(A) coping*

(B) susceptible

(D) commensalism

13. The close-ended questions and focuses on first problem mentioned and ignores attempts to discuss other problems is styles of

(A) staff-centered

(B) doctor-centered*

(D) patient-centered

14. Physicians use unclear sentences (jargon) because

(A) patient need to know

(B) increase emotional reactions

(D) patient better off not knowing*

15. The patient’s behavior that upsets the doctor is

(A) an expressing happiness

(B) listening to what doctor said

(D) a requesting the doctor certify something he/she does not think is true*

16. The patient expect the doctor

(A) is lazy

(B) feeling sick

(D) has a sexual desire

17. A sensory and emotional experience of discomfort is called

(A) pain*

(B) fear

(D) stress

18. Which of the following is a type of pain behavior?

(A) positive affect

(B) participate in an activity

(D) distorted ambulation or posture*

19. Chronic pain is associated with higher level of

(A) sadness*

(B) freedom

(D) sex desire

20. Narcotics that bind to the opiate receptors in the brain is a type of pain medication for

(A) skin analgesics

(B) local analgesics

(D) peripherally active analgesics

21. Which of the following is NOT the behavioral disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease?

(A) lazy*

(B) phobias

(D) aggressively

22. Impaired breathing due to obstructed airways can cause

(A) cancer

(B) asthma*

(D) hypertension

23. Which of the following is a coping skill in management of chronic illness?

(A) recruiting audience

(B) seeking relationship

(D) considering possible future events*

24. Recurrent sudden seizures due to electrical disturbances of the cerebral cortex can cause

(A) arthritis

(B) epilepsy*

(D) elephantiasis

25. Which of the following is adapting under bad circumstances to chronic illness?

(A) may try to normalize activities

(B) may have feelings of helplessness

(D) relapse seen as a bad sign with poor prognosis--wrong

26. Rehabilitation in heart disease include

(A) stress management*

(B) watch scary movie

(D) increase alcohol intake

27. Tissue damage to area of the brain due to disruption in blood supply, depriving that area of the brain of oxygen can cause

(A) stroke*

(B) malaria

(D) hypertension

28. Which of the following is a cancer treatment option?

(A) social taboo

(B) trephination

(D) confession and appeasing of the doctor

29. Which of the environmental factor can cause cancer?

(A) exercise

(B) smoking*

(D) watch movie

30. Which of the following virus can cause Acquired immune deficiency syndrome?

(A) ebola virus

(B) H1N1 virus

(D) human immunodeficiency virus*

SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. a. Define health. (2 Marks)

b. Describe the contributions of psychology to health. (4 Marks)

c. Explain the functions of health psychology. (4 Marks)

2. a. Describe how to increase patient adherence. (5 Marks)

b. Explain why people don’t use health services. (5 Marks)

3. a. Explain FIVE (5) potential reasons for gender difference in mortality. (5 Marks)

b. Determine FIVE (5) signs and symptoms in diabetes mellitus. (5 Marks)

4. a. Determine THREE (3) main routes for the AIDS infection. (3 Marks)

b. Briefly describe about signs and symptoms in cancer. (7 Marks)

SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY

Question 1

a. Determine THREE (3) psychosocial and FOUR (4) physiological benefits of exercise. (7 Marks)

b. Explain FOUR (4) reasons people are smoking. (8 Marks)

Question 2

a. State FOUR (4) benefits of stress management. (4 Marks)

b. Compare between acute and chronic stress. (4 Marks)

c. Describe the coping strategies using emotion-focused method. (7 Marks)

Question 3

a. Explain effects of stroke. (7 Marks)

b. State SEVEN (7) risk factors for heart disease. (8 Marks)

August 2014

SECTION A : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

CHOOSE THE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. ________________ is the brain structure that is most involved in the control of eating.

(A) Spinal cord

(B) Brain cortex

(D) Limbic system*

2. Which of the following is the physiological cause and effect of asthma disease?

(A) Strong emotions will affect severity.

(B) Contact with allergen can trigger a reaction.

(D) Bronchial tubes and other tissues release histamines.*

3. Commonly, primary appraisal and secondary appraisal

(A) are cognitive activities.*

(B) occur at the same time.

(D) take about the same amount of time.

primary--harm or loss

secondary--coping

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE describing the adapting under good circumstances to chronic illness?

(A) May have feelings of helplessness*

(B) May not try to normalize activities

(D) First concern upon hearing diagnosis is not fears about mortality

5. Emotion-focused coping involves

(A) control stressor.*

(B) using defense mechanisms.

(D) a rational approach to solve the problems.

6. In order for people to make a change in their health behavior, they must have intention to do so, a positive attitude about behavior and a view that their social network will be supportive states the theory of

(A) social cognitive.

(B) changing stages.

(D) self-determination.

7. All of the following statements explain the link between stress and the immune system problems EXCEPT

(A) Stress appears to suppress the immune response.

(B) Killer T-cells are higher during periods of high stress.*

(D) Cortisol that are released during stress decrease the functioning of Lymphocytes.

8. All of the followings are signs and symptoms of the psychophysiological disorders EXCEPT

(A) tremor.

(B) fatigue.

(D) constipation.

9. ________________ is an example of an individual believing that he/she can successfully engage in a behavior that promotes health.

(A) Faith

(B) Willpower

(D) Self-efficacy*

10. The approach that is most closely related to positive psychology is the

(A) cognitive approach.

(B) humanistic approach.*

(D) socio cultural approach.

11. Which of the following statement is TRUE regarding the benefit of coping with stress through a network of social support?

(A) Benefit from the experience from others.*

(B) Shift some personal responsibility to others.

(D) Develop an emotion-focused coping strategy which is often effective than problem-focused coping.

12. What are the sequence stages in the general adaptation syndrome?

(A) Resistance, illness, alarm

(B) Alarm, exhaustion, illness

(D) Resistance, alarm, exhaustion

13. Which of the following cancer patients would you predict to have the weakest immune system?

(A) Arvin owns a business, has many friends but lives by himself.

(B) Timah is a university graduate, has a good job and a loving family.

(D) Jackie is homeless, sleeps and eats at shelters whenever he can and is generally alone.*

14. The theorist that stressed the importance of self-actualization is

(A) Carl Rogers.

(B) Alfred Adler.

(D) Abraham Maslow.*

15. What is the main difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

(A) Anorexia nervosa is not associated with vomiting.*

(B) Bulimia nervosa is more severe than anorexia nervosa.

(D) Anorexia nervosa is characterized by preoccupation with food whereas bulimia nervosa is not.

16. Assertive coping has beneficial effects on mental health because it

(A) relies on defense mechanisms.

(B) requires the internalization of anger.

(D) is a method of active and effective coping that reduces stress.*

17. Which of the following situation is the BEST example of a stressor?

(A) Taking a vacation

(B) Talking to a friend

(D) Getting on an exam*

18. Which of the following statement is BEST describing the biopsychosocial model?

(A) Mental illness does not exist but rather a normal reaction to an abnormal situation.

(B) Societal forces such as oppression and poverty drive the development of mental illness.

(D) Genetic heritage causes a predisposition to mental illness but environmental and cognitive factors must be present for mental illness to develop.*

19. Happy emotions are linked to healthy immune functioning because they

(A) are related to the release of immunoglobulin A.

(B) are related to increase prefrontal cortex activity.

(D) are less likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors.

20. Health researchers must attempt to decrease deaths associated with _____________ if they wish to continue the trend toward an improved quality of life.

(A) lifestyle factors*

(B) infectious disease

(D) primitive civilizations

21. What is your role when your client is experiencing anxiety and complains of unable to sleep and rest?

(A) Give advice

(B) Scold the client

(D) Give sedation to client for relaxation--drugs

22. What is the general goal of health psychology?

(A) Use the principles of medicine to treat the physical body.

(B) Eliminate the presence of Western scientific thinking in the medical community.

(D) Encourage individuals throughout the world to get regular medical checkups.

23. Which of the following is the effect of normal stress response?

(A) Moody

(B) Anxiety*

(D) Substance abuse

24. The technique used to increase the patient adherence include

(A) providing reminders.*

(B) use jargon sentences.

(D) recruit sources of motivation.

25. Which of the following statement is TRUE regarding healthy lifestyles that can improve immune functioning?

(A) Poor sleep

(B) High intake of vitamin C*

(D) Insufficient intake of vitamin A or E

26. Why do people gain weight?

(A) High metabolic rate

(B) Alcohol independence

(D) Malfunctioning of endocrine glands*

27. All of the followings are the reasons given by people for smoking EXCEPT

(A) habit.

(B) for pleasure.

(D) it can reduce body weight.

28. Which of the following condition is the BEST describing the health risk from heavy alcohol use?

(A) Brain damage*

(B) Multiple sclerosis

(D) Cardiac wall motion abnormalities

29. Why people do not use the health services?

(A) Iatrogenic conditions*

(B) Patient does not need to know

(D) Doctor ignores attempts to discuss other problems

30. Which of the following is the BEST describing the rational reasons for non-adherence?

(A) Believe the treatment is not working.

(B) Do not have enough time to go for the treatment.

(D) Want to see if the illness is disappeared when stop treatment.*

SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

1. a. Define health psychology. (2 Marks)

b. Describe the influences of health psychology to the illness and disease. (3 Marks)

2. State FIVE (5) psychosocial factors that influence people to become epilepsy. (5 Marks)

3. a. Describe TWO (2) psychosocial advantages of exercise. (2 Marks)

b. Describe THREE (3) physiological benefits of exercise. (3 Marks)

4. Briefly explain FIVE (5) behavioral disturbances in Alzheimer’s disease. (5 Marks)

5. Describe FIVE (5) potential reasons for gender differences in mortality. (5 Marks)

6. State FIVE (5) methods of the coping skills in a chronic illness management. (5 Marks)

7. Describe FIVE (5) maintaining factors for nicotine addiction. (5 Marks)

8. a. State THREE (3) main routes for the AIDS infection. (3 Marks)

b. Explain TWO (2) psychosocial impacts on patient who is infected by AIDS. (5 Marks)

SECTION C : MODIFIED ESSAY QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY

Question 1

Regarding the stress illness management,

a. State FIVE (5) factors that can slightly reduce the stress-illness link. (5 Marks)

b. Explain the coping strategies using problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. (10 Marks)

Question 2

Discuss on the psychology role to play in the alleviation of cancer symptoms. (15 Marks)

Question 3

a. Heart attack is a chronic condition requiring ongoing management. Discuss FIVE (5) methods to promote recovery and reduce risk of another attack. (5 Marks)

b. Explain FOUR (4) types of pain medications with the examples. (10 Marks)

January 2014

SECTION A : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

Choose the best option to answer the questions.

1. The general goal of health psychology is to

(A) encourage individuals throughout the world to get regular medical checkups.

(B) use psychological knowledge to promote wellness and positive health behaviors.*

(D) eliminate the presence of Western scientific thinking in the medical community.

2. Which of the following cancer patients would you predict to have the weakest immune system?

(A) James: he owns a business, has many friends, but lives by himself

(B) Meagan: she is a university graduate, has a good job, and a loving family

(D) Charles: he is homeless, sleeps and eats at shelters whenever he can, and is generally alone*

3. Which statement is most consistent with the biopsychosocial model?

(A) Societal forces such as oppression and poverty drive the development of mental illness.

(B) Mental illness does not exist, but is rather a normal reaction to an abnormal situation.

(D) Genetic heritage causes a predisposition to mental illness, but environmental and cognitive/emotional factors must be present for mental illness to develop.*

4. What is the social factor that might influence illness and diseases?

(A) Beliefs

(B) Poverty

(D) Smoking

5. Which of the following is NOT the organ of immune system?

(A) Liver*

(B) Spleen

(D) Lymph vessels

6. Positive emotions are linked to healthy immune functioning because

(A) happy emotions are related to the release of immunoglobulin A.

(B) happy people tend to have genetically superior immune systems.*

(D) happy people are less likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors.

7. Which is a FALSE statement about health promotion programs?

(A) Health promotion programs can target at-risk populations.

(B) They are designed so that they don’t affect people’s beliefs and values.*

(D) It can more cost effective to prevent illness through a health promotion program than it is to treat the illness.

https://quizlet.com/100109302/happ-398-midterm-practice-questions-flash-cards/

8. Which of the following activities would be considered to be an example of primary prevention?

(A) Receiving an annual mammogram.--secondary

(B) Receiving an immunization against influenza.*

(D) In a diabetic patient, screening for renal, eye, and foot problems

9. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the health belief model?

(A) A person's self-efficacy is not a factor that affects their health behaviors.

(B) A person is likely to change their behavior if the costs outweigh the benefits.

(D) Whether a person practices a particular health behavior is influenced by how they perceive a health threat and whether a particular health practice will be effective in reducing that threat.*

10. Which of the following statements could be an example of a normative belief, within the context of the Theory of Planned Behavior?

(A) Wearing a seatbelt when driving.

(B) Having my family and friends think that I should go on a diet.*

(D) Expecting to have my blood pressure measured when I visit my physician.

11. What is the main difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

(A) Anorexia nervosa is not associated with vomiting.*

(B) Bulimia nervosa is more severe than anorexia nervosa.

(D) Anorexia nervosa is characterized by preoccupation with food, whereas bulimia nervosa is not.

12. What are the personal factors that affecting the stress appraisal?

I. Belief

II. Motivational

III. Intellectual

IV. Personality

(A) I and III

(B) III and IV

(D) I, II, III and IV*

13. What is the physiological benefits from healthy exercises?

(A) Feel less stress

(B) Positive self concept

(D) Better work performance

14. Which of the statement is NOT true about sleep disorder?

(A) Ideal sleep is 7-8 hours a night

(B) Sleep disorder cannot be treated

(D) Insufficient sleep can cause mood disturbance*

15. Which part of the brain structure that is most involved in the control of eating?

(A) Brain cortex

(B) Limbic system*

(D) Nucleus amygdalae

16. What are the maintaining factors for nicotine addiction?

I. Physical addiction

II. Physical habit

III. Emotional support

IV. Personal identity

(A) I and III

(B) II and IV

(D) I, II, III and IV

17. Which of the following is TRUE about smoking?

(A) Many people are able to stop smoking

(B) Smoking cessation programs are highly effective

(D) People who quit smoking usually do so on the first try

18. Stressors are more likely to affect health if

(A) long lasting.

(B) highly disruptive.

(D) all of the above.*

19. Which of the following is the best example of a stressor?

(A) Taking a vacation

(B) Talking to a friend

(D) Getting an A on an exam*

20. Which factors improve coping?

I. Optimism

II. Hardiness

III. Social support

IV. Perceived control

(A) I and II

(B) III and IV

(D) I, II, III and IV

21. What do primary appraisal and secondary appraisal have in common?

(A) They both occur at the same time.

(B) They both are cognitive activities.*

(D) They both take about the same amount of time.

22. What are the factors that might influence the people not to use health services provided?

I. Embarrassment

II. Fear of serious disease

III. Discriminatory practices

IV. Not trusting the practitioner

(A) I, II and III

(B) I and IV

(D) I, II, III and IV*

23. Why do people describe their symptoms differently?

I. Difficulties in communication

II. Symptoms perception and interpretation

III. Differing common sense models of illness

IV. Emphasizing or down-playing symptoms

(A) I, II and III

(B) I and IV

(D) I, II, III and IV*

24. Which is NOT a chronic pain conditions?

(A) Neuralgia

(B) Causalgia

(D) Phantom limb pain

25. What is TRUE about hypnosis in controlling the pain?

(A) Trigger release of endorphins

(B) Systemic relaxation of large muscle groups

(D) Biophysiological feedback to patient about some bodily process that is unaware

26. What are the themes of adaptation do people adapt to chronic illness?

I. Helplessness

II. Find meaning

III. Gain sense of control

IV. Restore self-esteem

(A) I and III

(B) II and IV

(D) I, II, III and IV

27. Which of the following is NOT a type A behavior that have high risk of cardiac disease?

(A) Intense

(B) Hostile

(D) Competitive

28. The link between extreme stress and cardiovascular problems can be explained by all of the following EXCEPT

(A) increased hostility.

(B) increased adrenaline.

(D) increased negative coping strategies.

29. A man's wife of 25 years has been diagnosed with terminal cancer and has been given no more than three months to live. As a way to help the husband reduce his stress, you should recommend that he

(A) use the fight-or-flight response.

(B) try to distance himself from his wife.

(D) adopt an emotion-focused coping style as a way to reduce his stress.

30. Which theory states that in order for people to make a change in their health behavior, they must have an intention to do so, a positive attitude about the behavior, and a view that their social network will be supportive?

(A) Stages of change model

(B) Social cognitive model

(D) Theory of reasoned action*

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions.

1. a. State the World Health Organization definition of Health (1948). (1 Mark)

b. Name the FOUR (4) stages of the history of medicine. (4 Marks)

2. a. Define health promotion. (2 Marks)

b. Briefly describe the primary and secondary prevention in health promotion. (3 Marks)

3. Briefly discuss the cardiovascular benefits of exercise. (5 Marks)

4. Briefly discuss the reasons given for smoking (5 Marks)

5. Explain the possible reasons for the link between optimism and better physical health. (5 Marks)

6. State FIVE (5) methods to increase patient adherence to treatment regimen. (5 Marks)

7. Explain THREE (3) psychological pain control methods. (6 Marks)

8. Briefly describe the reactions to chronic illness. (4 Marks)

SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

Answer TWO (2) questions only.

Question 1

Explain the general adaptation syndrome proposed by Hans Selye. (15 Marks)

Question 2

Discuss on the psychology role to play in the alleviation of cancer symptoms. (15 Marks)

Question 3

Discuss on stress that can affects health and the psychophysiological disorders that arises due to stress. (15 Marks)

August 2013

SECTION A : OBJETIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

Choose ONE best statement to answer the question.

1. The general goal of health psychology is to

(A) encourage individuals throughout the world to get regular medical checkups.

(B) use psychological knowledge to promote wellness and positive health behaviors.*

(D) eliminate the presence of Western scientific thinking in the medical community.

2. Which of the following cancer patients would you predict to have the weakest immune system?

(A) James: he owns a business, has many friends, but lives by himself.

(B) Meagan: she is a university graduate, has a good job, and a loving family.

(D) Charles: he is homeless, sleeps and eats at shelters whenever he can, and is generally alone.*

3. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the biopsychosocial model?

(A) Mental illness does not exist, but is rather a normal reaction to an abnormal situation

(B) Societal forces such as oppression and poverty drive the development of mental illness.

(D) Genetic heritage causes a predisposition to mental illness, but environmental and cognitive/emotional factors must be present for mental illness to develop.*

4. From lowest level needs to highest level needs, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs includes

(A) safety needs, esteem needs, physiological needs; and self-actualization.

(B) physiological needs; safety needs, self-actualization, belongingness needs, and love.

(D) physiological needs; safety needs; love and belongingness needs; esteem needs; and self-actualization.

5. Which of the following is NOT the organ of immune system?

(A) Liver*

(B) Spleen

(D) Lymph vessels

6. Positive emotions are linked to healthy immune functioning because

(A) happy people tend to have genetically superior immune systems*

(B) happy people are less likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors.

(D) happy emotions are related to increased prefrontal cortex activity.

7. Which of the following is a FALSE statement about health promotion programs?

(A) Health promotion programs can target at-risk populations

(B) They are designed so that they don’t affect people’s beliefs and values*

(D) It can more cost effective to prevent illness through a health promotion program than it is to treat the illness.

8. Which of the following activities would be considered to be an example of PRIMARY prevention?

(A) Receiving an annual mammogram.

(B) Receiving an immunization against influenza.*

(D) In a diabetic patient, screening for renal, eye, and foot problems

9. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the health belief model?

(A) A person's self-efficacy is not a factor that affects their health behaviors.

(B) A person is likely to change their behavior if the costs outweigh the benefits.

(D) Whether a person practices a particular health behavior is influenced by how they perceive a health threat and whether a particular health practice will be effective in reducing that threat.*

10. Which of the following statements could be an example of a normative belief, within the context of the Theory of Planned Behavior?

(A) Wearing a seatbelt when driving.

(B) Having my family and friends think that I should go on a diet.*

(D) Expecting to have my blood pressure measured when I visit my physician.

11. What is the main difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

(A) Anorexia nervosa is not associated with vomiting.*

(B) Bulimia nervosa is more severe than anorexia nervosa.

(D) Anorexia nervosa is characterized by preoccupation with food, whereas bulimia nervosa is not.

12. Programs that advocate health-enhancing behaviors in teens have been shown to

(A) Change teens’ behavior*

(B) Have no effect on attitudes

(D) Have failed because almost no teens participate in the program

13. What is the physiological benefits from healthy exercises?

(A) Feel less stress

(B) Positive self concept

(D) Better work performance

14. Which of the statement is NOT true about sleep disorder?

(A) Ideal sleep is 7-8 hours a night

(B) Sleep disorder cannot be treated*

(D) Insufficient sleep can cause mood disturbance

15. Which part of the brain structure that is most involved in the control of eating?

(A) Brain cortex

(B) Limbic system

(D) Nucleus amygdalae*

16. What are the maintaining factors for nicotine addiction?

I. Physical addiction

II. Physical habit

III. Emotional support

IV. Personal identity

(A) I, II and III

(B) I, III and IV

(D) I, II, III and IV

17. Which of the following is TRUE about smoking?

(A) Many people are able to stop smoking

(B) Smoking cessation programs are highly effective

(D) All of the above*

18. Stressors are more likely to affect health if they are which of the following?

(A) Long lasting

(B) Highly disruptive

(D) All of the above*

19. Which of the following is the best example of a stressor?

(A) Taking a vacation

(B) Talking to a friend

(D) Getting an A on an exam*

20. Which factors improve coping?

I. Optimism II. Hardiness III. Social support IV. Perceived control

(A) I, II and III

(B) I, III and IV*

(D) I, II, III and IV

21. What do primary appraisal and secondary appraisal have in common?

(A) They both occur at the same time.

(B) They both are cognitive activities.*

(D) They both take about the same amount of time

22. What are the factors that might influence the people not to use health services provided?

I. Embarrassment

II. Fear of serious disease

III. Discriminatory practices

IV. Not trusting the practitioner

(A) I, II and III

(B) I, III and IV

(D) I, II, III and IV*

23. Why do people describe their symptoms differently?

I. Difficulties in communication

II. Symptoms perception and interpretation

III. Differing common sense models of illness

IV. Emphasizing or down-playing symptoms

(A) I, II and III

(B) I, III and IV

(D) I, II, III and IV

24. Which is NOT a chronic pain conditions?

(A) Neuralgia

(B) Causalgia

(D) Phantom limb pain

25. What is TRUE about hypnosis in controlling the pain?

(A) Trigger release of endorphins

(B) Systemic relaxation of large muscle groups

(D) Biophysiological feedback to patient about some bodily process that is unaware

26. What are the themes of adaptation do people adapt to chronic illness?

I. Helplessness

II. Find meaning

III. Gain sense of control

IV. Restore self-esteem

(A) I, II and III

(B) I, III and IV

(D) I, II, III and IV

27. Which of the following is NOT a type A behavior that have high risk of cardiac disease?

(A) Intense

(B) Hostile

(D) Competitive

28. The link between extreme stress and cardiovascular problems can be explained by all of the following EXCEPT

(A) increased hostility.

(B) increased adrenaline.

(D) increased negative coping strategies.

29. A man's wife of 25 years has been diagnosed with terminal cancer and has been given no more than three months to live. As a way to help the husband reduce his stress, you should recommend that he

(A) use the fight-or-flight response.

(B) try to distance himself from his wife.

(D) adopt an emotion-focused coping style as a way to reduce his stress.

(A) Stages of change model

(B) Social cognitive model

(D) Theory of reasoned action*

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions.

1. a. State the World Health Definition of Health (1948). (1 Mark)

b. Name the four stages of the history of medicine. (4 Marks)

2. a. Define health promotion. (2 Marks)

b. Briefly describe the primary and secondary prevention in health promotion. (3 Marks)

3. Briefly discuss the benefits of exercise for cardiovascular system. (5 Marks)

4. State FIVE (5) maintaining factors for nicotine addiction. (5 Marks)

5. Explain the possible reasons for the link between optimism and better physical health? (5 Marks)

6. Explain the reasons why people might not follow medical advice for a given condition? (5 Marks)

7. Explain THREE (3) psychological pain control methods. (6 Marks)

8. Briefly describe the reactions towards chronic illness. (4 Marks)

SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

Answer TWO (2) questions only.

Question 1

Explain the general adaptation syndrome proposed by Hans Selye. (15 Marks)

Question 2

Discuss on the psychology role to play in the alleviation of cancer symptoms. (15 Marks)

Question 3

Discuss the psychological factors that affect health- related problems such as coronary heart disease, cancer and smoking. (15 Marks)

January 2013

SECTION A : OBJETIVE QUESTION (30 MARKS)

Choose ONE best statement to answer the question.

2. From lowest level needs to highest level needs, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs includes

(A) safety needs, esteem needs, physiological needs; and self-actualization.

(B) physiological needs; safety needs, self-actualization, belongingness needs, and love.

(D) physiological needs; safety needs; love and belongingness needs; esteem needs; and self-actualization.

3. What do primary appraisal and secondary appraisal have in common?

(A) They both occur at the same time.

(B) They both are cognitive activities.*

(D) They both take about the same amount of time

4. Which of the following is one of the benefits of coping with stress through a network of social support?

(A) Benefit from the experience from others*

(B) Shift some personel responsibility to others

(D) Develop an emotion-focused coping strategy which is often effective than problem-focused coping

5. Emotion-focused coping involves

(A) using defense mechanisms.

(B) a rational approach to solving problems.

(D) none of the above Defense mechanisms are used in emotion-focused coping.

6. A man's wife of 25 years has been diagnosed with terminal cancer and has been given no more than three months to live. As a way to help the husband reduce his stress, you should recommend that he

(A) use the fight-or-flight response.

(B) try to distance himself from his wife.

(D) adopt an emotion-focused coping style as a way to reduce his stress.

7. If one's stressors are controllable, coping techniques that are ________ will be most useful; if one's stressors are uncontrollable, it is useful to try coping techniques that are ________.

(A) somatically-focused; cognitive

(B) cognitive; somatically-focused

(D) emotion-focused; problem-directed

8. If you want to effectively deal with stress, the general rule to keep in mind is that

(A) it is better always to take direct action.

(B) the more coping strategies you have and use, the better.

(D) you should learn and consistently use a single coping strategy in all situations.

9. According to the textbook, if health researchers wish to continue the trend toward an improved quality of life, they must attempt to decrease deaths associated with

(A) lifestyle factors.*

(B) infectious disease.

(D) primitive civilizations

10. The general goal of health psychology is to

(A) encourage individuals throughout the world to get regular medical checkups.

(B) use psychological knowledge to promote wellness and positive health behaviors.

(D) eliminate the presence of Western scientific thinking in the medical community.

11. Assertive coping has beneficial effects on mental health because it

(A) relies on defense mechanisms.

(B) requires the internalization of anger

(D) is a method of active and effective coping that reduces stress.

12. What is the best way to cope with stress?

(A) Biofeedback

(B) Positive self-talk

(D) Multiple coping strategies

13. The link between extreme stress and cardiovascular problems can be explained by all of the following except

(A) increased hostility.

(B) increased adrenaline.

(D) increased negative coping strategies.

14. In what stage of the stages of change model do individuals make a commitment to change?

(A) Maintenance--prevent relapse and consolidate gains

(B) Contemplation--aware of problem, serious consideration to change

(D) Preparation/determination*--take action

15. Which theory states that in order for people to make a change in their health behavior, they must have an intention to do so, a positive attitude about the behavior, and a view that their social network will be supportive?

(A) Stages of change model

(B) Social cognitive model

(D) Theory of reasoned action*

16. Which of the following approaches is most closely related to positive psychology?

(A) The cognitive approach

(B) The humanistic approach*

(D) The psychodynamic approach

17. Which approach would explain depression in terms of disordered thinking?

(A) The cognitive approach*

(B) The humanistic approach

(D) The sociocultural approach

18. A student has been experiencing stress because she has been struggling in her classes all semester. After a while, she realizes that she has developed a host of physical symptoms, such as fatigue, runny nose, and coughing. In what stage of the general adaptation syndrome is this student?

(A) Alarm stage

(B) Resistance stage

(D) Illness stage

19. In order, starting from the first stage, what are the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

(A) Resistance, illness, alarm

(B) Alarm, exhaustion, illness

(D) Alarm, resistance, exhaustion*

20. An individual believing that he or she can successfully engage in a behavior that promotes health is an example of

(A) faith

(B) willpower.

(D) self-efficacy.*

21. Which of the following cancer patients would you predict to have the weakest immune system?

(A) James: he owns a business, has many friends, but lives by himself.

(B) Meagan: she is a university graduate, has a good job, and a loving family.

(D) Charles: he is homeless, sleeps and eats at shelters whenever he can, and is generally alone.*

22. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the biopsychosocial model?

(A) Mental illness does not exist, but is rather a normal reaction to an abnormal situation

(B) Societal forces such as oppression and poverty drive the development of mental illness.

(D) Genetic heritage causes a predisposition to mental illness, but environmental and cognitive/emotional factors must be present for mental illness to develop.*

23. What theorist stressed the importance of self-actualization?

(A) Carl Rogers

(B) Alfred Adler

(D) Gordon Allport

24. Of the following theorists, who is not associated with psychodynamic theory?

(A) Carl Jung

(B) Carl Rogers*

(D) Sigmund Freud

25. When your body is deprived of something, a(n) _____ is created that arouses the body; that arousal is a(n) _____.

(A) drive, need

(B) need, drive*

(D) motivation, instinct

26. What is the main difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

(A) Anorexia nervosa is not associated with vomiting.*

(B) Bulimia nervosa is more severe than anorexia nervosa.

(D) Anorexia nervosa is characterized by preoccupation with food, whereas bulimia nervosa is not.

27. Positive emotions are linked to healthy immune functioning because

(A) happy people tend to have genetically superior immune systems.

(B) happy people are less likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors

(D) happy emotions are related to increased prefrontal cortex activity.

28. Health psychologists are concerned with

(A) promoting health.

(B) maintaining health.

(D) all of the above*

29. ______________ is the response of individuals to the circumstances and events that threaten them and tax their coping abilities.

(A) Stress*

(B) Frustration

(D) General adaptation syndrome

30. Which of the following is the best example of a stressor?

(A) Taking a vacation

(B) Talking to a friend

(D) Getting an A on an exam*

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTION (40 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions.

1.A) Define health psychology. (2 marks)

B) Briefly describe how health psychology influence illness and disease. (3 marks)

2.A) State the World Health Definition of Health (1948). (1 mark)

B) Name the four stages of the history of medicine. (4 marks)

3.A) Define health promotion. (2 marks)

B) Briefly describe the primary and secondary prevention in health promotion. (3 marks)

4. State TWO (2) physical and THREE (3) physiological benefits of exercise. (5 marks)

5. State FIVE (5) maintaining factors for nicotine addiction. (5 marks)

6. List the FIVE (5) methods as a coping technique in a stress management. (5 marks)

7. State FIVE (5) potential reasons for gender differences in mortality? (5 marks)

8. Heart disease is a chronic condition requiring ongoing management. List FIVE (5) methods to promote recovery and reduce risk of another attack. (5 marks)

SECTION C: MODIFIED ESSAY QUESTION (30 MARKS)

Answer TWO (2) questions only.

Question 1

Discuss the role of psychology in pain management. (15 marks)

Question 2

A) Discuss the factors that moderate the stress-illness link. (5 marks)

B) Explain the coping strategies using problem focused coping and emotion focused coping in stress illness management. (10 marks)

Question 3

Discuss on the psychology role to play in the alleviation of cancer symptoms. (15marks)

July 2012

SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

Choose the best option to answer the questions.

1. Which of the following is referred to a study that focuses on understanding of relationship of biological, psychological, environmental and cultural factors in physical health and illness?

(A) Social psychology

(B) Health psychology*

(D) Counseling psychology

2. Who will be responsible for conducting research to identify behaviors and experiences that promote health, give rise to illness, and influence the effectiveness of health care?

(A) Physiotherapist

(B) Psychiatric doctors

(D) Health psychologists*

3. What is the term that refers to an activity by human or animal which is directly observable?

(A) Attitude

(B) Behavior*

(D) Personality

4. What is the stage of life when someone is more career oriented and economic independent?

(A) Time

(B) Financial*

(D) Environment

5. Which factor determines how fast and how much people can learn?

(A) Time

(B) Financial

(D) Environment

6. According to Erickson, at what stage in life an individual faces the crisis of autonomy vs. shame and doubt?

(A) Childhood

(B) Adolescence

(D) Early childhood

7. Which of the following describes the formal operational stage among children?

(A) Develop the concept of object permanency

(B) Think primarily about concrete objects or situations

(D) Think in terms of abstract principles and hypothetical possibilities

8. During learning process, a participant should be always encouraged and should not be any scolding or negative criticism in their

(A) mental.

(B) physical.

(D) intelligent.

9. Who is responsible for developing classical conditioning involving a dog in psychoanalysis?

(A) B.F Skinner

(B) Carl Rogers

(D) Sigmund Freud

10. Which of the following is TRUE on Maslow statement that people seek to overcome feeling of loneliness, alienation and involves both giving and receiving love?

(A) Safety needs

(B) Esteem needs

(D) Physiological needs

11. Determine which of the following theory is referring to this statement, “when information does not fit, the person must reexamine and adjust his thinking to accommodate the new information?

(A) Theory of motivation

(B) Theory of cognitive development

(D) Theory of psychoanalytic development

12. Which of the following element in psychoanalytic theory operates based on the pleasure principle, which demands immediate gratification of needs?

(A) Id

(B) Ego

(D) Esteem needs

13. Which of the following is the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages?

I. Anal

II. Phallic

III. Oral

IV. genital

(A) I, II, III and IV

(B) III, I, II and IV*

(D) II, IV, III, and I

14. Ali which diagnosed with cancer does not talk about or acknowledge the diagnosis. Which of the following defense mechanisms is using?

(A) Denial*

(B) Projection

(D) Rationalization

15. Your client is experiencing anxiety and complains of unable to sleep and rest. What is your role to overcome this problem?

(A) Give advice

(B) Scold the client

(D) Give sedation to client for relaxation

16. Siti disclosed about herself which does not know. Based on four quadrant of Johari Window, which area of Siti's behavior is referred?

(A) Open area

(B) Blind area*--seen by others

(D) Unknown area*

17. Which of the following best describes a type B personality?

(A) Relaxed*

(B) Impatient

(D) Competitive

18. Which of the following describes the superego if the Id is “Just do it”?

(A) “Don't do it.”*

(B) “Oh, sit on it.”

(D) “Do you own thing.”

19. Which of the following could account for a major personality change in middle adulthood?

(A) A personal tragedy*

(B) Making new friends

(D) Changing your looks

20. Which of the following statements best describe a coping mechanism for stress?

(A) Cry out to best friend

(B) Try to forget about problem

(D) Isolate self from surrounding to reduce angry and sadness

21. Mrs. Amy has been taking care of her terminally ill husband. She understands his condition and knows he will not be long with her. What kind of loss is Mrs. Amy facing?

(A) Actual loss

(B) Perceived loss*

(D) Separation from accustomed environment

22. Which of the following statement is referring to stress reaction?

(A) Stress reaction are produced by unpleasant events

(B) Stress reaction begin with autonomic nervous system

(D) Stress reaction end at central and peripheral nervous system

23. Which of the following reaction occur immediately regarding to stress?

(A) Mood changes

(B) Physical changes--emotion

(D) Psychological changes

24. Which of the following area of body is NOT affected by psychological stress?

(A) Heart

(B) Bone*

(D) Pancreas

25. All of the following the effects of abnormal stress response EXCEPT

(A) Moody

(B) Anxiety

(D) Substance abuse*

26. Which of the following is the most severe psychological disorder?

(A) Psychosis

(B) Anxiety disorder

(D) Psychosomatic illness

27. All of the following are signs and symptoms of the psychophysiological disorders EXCEPT

(A) Tremor

(B) Fatigue

(D) Constipation

28. „Psychogenic pain seems to result primarily from psychological processes.‟ Which of the following pain is referred to the above statement?

(A) Gastric pain

(B) Heart attack

(D) Injury following the accident

29. Which type of approach should be follow by a client if he believes his action is based on the rewards and punishment?

(A) Heuristic

(B) Cognitive

(D) Behaviorism*

30. When Mary was young, she suffered a traumatic experience but resolved for several years. Under psychoanalysis this experienced was discovered. What type of the memory is called?

(A) Hidden

(B) Removed

(D) Sublimation

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions.

Question 1

(A) State FOUR (4) division of health psychology. (4 marks)

(B) List down SIX (6) elements in health psychology. (6 marks)

Question 2

(A) State the language milestone of the baby from the age of one month - 12 months old. (6 marks)

(B) List down FOUR (4) parenting style in children development. (4 marks)

Question 3

(A) Define behavior. (2 marks)

(B) State FOUR (4) types of behaviors that require management. (4 marks)

PART C: MODIFIED ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

Answer TWO (2) questions only

Question 1

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

(A) Explain the aims of counseling for HIV-infected patients. (12 marks)

(B) Describe the importance of exercises in HIV-infected patients to prevent further complications. (14 marks)

Question 2

The term stress has been used to describe a variety of negative feelings and reactions that accompany threatening or challenging situations.

(A) State FIVE (5) signs and symptoms of stress. (5 marks)

(B) Identify FIVE (5) coping strategies for stress. (5 marks)

Question 3

Mr. Fauzi was diagnosed as having ischemic heart disease for more than 6 years. This Chronic illness leads him to experience psychological problems.

(A) List down FIVE (5) psychological aspects which will influence to a patient as Mr. Fauzi. (5 marks)

(B) Explain the importance of the emotional support from family and friends to Mr. Fauzi. (15 marks)

July 2011

A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

Choose ONE best statement to answer the questions.

1. Which of the following refer to study that focuses on the relationship between psychological factors and disease?

(A) Social psychology

(B) Health psychology*

(D) Counseling psychology

2. By the 1920s the definition of psychology had gained favor. Psychology was said to be the science of

(A) mind.

(B) behavior.*

(D) consciousness.

3. What is the term that refers to an activity by human or animal which is directly observable?

(A) Attitude

(B) Behavior*

(D) Personality

4. What stage of life when someone is more career oriented and economic independent?

(A) Adolescence

(B) Late adulthood

(D) Early adulthood

5. Which factor determine how fast and how much people can learn?

(A) Time

(B) Financial

(D) Environment

6. According to Erickson, at what stage in life where an individual faces the crisis of initiative vs guilt?

(A) Childhood

(B) Adolescence

(D) Early childhood

7. Which of the following describes the formal operational stage among children?

(A) Develop the concept of object permanency

(B) Think primarily about concrete objects or situations

(D) Think in terms of abstract principles and hypothetical possibilities.

8. Which of the following is describes during learning process, a participant should be always encouraged and should not be any scolding or negative criticism?

(A) Mental

(B) Physical

(D) Intelligent

9. Who introduced psychoanalysis which is responsible for developing classical conditioning involving a dog?

(A) B.F Skinner

(B) Carl Rogers

(D) Sigmund Freud

10. Which of the following is TRUE on Maslow statement that people seek to overcome feeling of loneliness, alienation and involves both giving and receiving love?

(A) Safety needs

(B) Esteem needs

(D) Physiological needs

11. Determine which of the following theory is referring to this statement, “when information does not fit, the person must reexamine and adjust his thinking to accommodate the new information?

(A) Theory of motivation

(B) Theory of cognitive development

(D) Theory of psychoanalytic development

12. Identify when the stage of superego developed?

(A) Oral (0 – 18 months)

(B) Latency (6 years – puberty)

(D) Anal (18 months – 3 ½ years)

13. Which of the following is the correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages?

(A) Anal , phallic, oral, genital

(B) Oral, anal, phallic, genital*

(D) Anal, oral, phallic, genital

14. A client was diagnosed with cancer does not talk about or acknowledge the diagnosis. Which of the following defense mechanisms is using?

(A) Denial*

(B) Projection

(D) rationalization

15. When your client is experiencing anxiety and complains of unable to sleep and rest, what is your role to overcome this problem?

(A) Give advice

(B) Scold the client

(D) Clarify any doubts of client*

16. Anisah disclosed about herself which does not know. Based on four quadrant of Johari Window, which area of Anisah's behavior is referred?

(A) Open area

(B) Blind area*

(D) Unknown area

17. Which of the following best describes a type B personality?

(A) Relaxed*

(B) Impatient

(D) Competitive

18. Which of the following describes the superego if the Id is “Just do it”?

(A) “Don‟t do it.”*

(B) “Oh, sit on it.”

(D) “Do you own thing.”

19. Which of the following could account for a major personality change in middle adulthood?

(A) A personal tragedy*

(B) Making new friends

(D) Changing your looks

20. Which of the following statements best describe a coping mechanism for stress?

(A) Cry out to best friend

(B) Try to forget about problem

(D) Isolate self from surrounding to reduce angry and sadness

21. Mrs. Amy has been taking care of her terminally ill husband. She understands his condition and knows he will not be long with her. What kind of loss is Mrs. Amy facing?

(A) Actual loss

(B) Perceived loss*

(D) Separation from accustomed environment

22. Which of the following statement is FALSE concerning a stress reaction?

(A) A healthy lifestyle include a fair amount of good stress

(B) A stress reaction begin with autonomic nervous system

(D) A stress reaction are produced by both pleasant and unpleasant events

23. Which of the following reaction occur immediately regarding to stress?

(A) Mood changes

(B) Physical changes

(D) Psychological changes

24. Which of the following area of body is NOT affected by stress?

(A) Heart

(B) Bone*

(D) Pancreas

25. All of the following are effects of abnormal stress response EXCEPT

(A) Moody

(B) Anxiety

(D) Substance abuse*

26. Which of the following is the most severe psychological disorder?

(A) Psychosis

(B) Anxiety disorder

(D) Psychosomatic illness

27. All of the following are signs and symptoms of the psychophysiological disorders EXCEPT

(A) Tremor

(B) Fatigue

(D) constipation

28. „Psychogenic pain seems to result primarily from psychological processes.‟ Which of the following pain is referred to the above statement?

(A) Gastric pain

(B) Heart attack

(D) Injury following the accident

29. Which type of approach should be follow by a client if he believes his action is based on the rewards and punishment?

(A) Heuristic

(B) Cognitive

(D) Behaviorism*

30. When Mary was young, she suffered a traumatic experience but resolved for several years. Under psychoanalysis this experienced was discovered. What type of the memory is called?

(A) Hidden

(B) Removed

(D) Sublimation

PART B : STRUCTURED QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions.

Question 1

Write (T) for TRUE and (F) for FALSE for each statement below. (10 Marks)

a. The element of mind that distinguishes between things in the mind and things in the external world is called superego.

b. A stress reaction begins with the same autonomic nervous system arousal that occurs during emotion.

c. One of the symptoms of „burn out‟ is feeling fatigued and tense or „used up‟.

d. There are five (5) cluster of grief discussed by Martocchio (1985). One of the clusters is shock and disbelief.

e. Susan was very excited over the coming university entrance examination. She has started preparing for this examination early and determined to become a doctor in the future. She belongs to Type B Personality Trait.

f. Behavior is an agent which cannot be manipulated, changed or modified.

g. Joining a new work place is one of the positive event in life which can be a stressor to an individual.

h. The study of human interaction is known as anthropology.

i. Ali is seven years old school boy. At this stage he faces the crisis of industry and inferiority.

j. Mary has a habit of biting her finger nails. This action shows that she is developing a negative personality.

Question 2

Pain behavior is part of a sick role and is being maintained and strengthened by secondary gain. State THREE (3) types of pain behavior. (3 Marks)

Question 3

According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, personality composed of three elements. What are the THREE (3) elements? (3 Marks)

Question 4

Loss is potential, actual or perceived situation in which something valued is changed, no longer available or is gone. Name FOUR (4) sources of loss. (4 Marks)

Question 5

World Health Organization (WHO) defined chronic illness as a long duration and slow progression illness. List down FIVE (5) psychological aspects was influence to the client with chronic illness. (5 Marks)

Question 6

Stress is a major problem in human life. There are many factors that can influence someone to stress.

a. Define stress. (2 Marks)

b. List down the THREE (3) phases of stress. (3 Marks)

PART C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)

Answer TWO (2) questions only

Question 1

Robert is a 14 years old student. Robert receives special education services under certification as emotionally impaired. Robert has a variety of behaviors that he exhibits throughout the day on a daily basis. He typically has a lot of energy and spends time each time going to Responsible Thinking Classroom. On one particular day, Robert in his general education class and he is repeatedly getting out of his seat. His teacher has repeatedly instructed him to remain seated, but every 3 to 5 minutes Robert either makes an attempt to get up and sharpen his pencil, get a drink, or squirm about in his chair.

Base on this scenario, answer the questions below.

a. Define behavior. (2 Marks)

b. State FOUR (4) types of behaviors that require management. (8 Marks)

c. Base on above scenario, choose and explain one of the psychological approaches for behavioral problem. (10 Marks)

Question 2

Individuals who have heart disease are significantly more likely to suffer from depression. Heart disease lead some patients to experience psychological problems.

a. Describe the relationship of heart problems and psychology approach. (5 Marks)

b. Explain the importance of the emotional support from family and friends for heart disease patients. (15 Marks)

Question 3

The term stress has been used to describe a variety of negative feelings and reactions that accompany threatening or challenging situations.

a. State SIX (6) signs and symptoms of stress. (6 Marks)

b. As a physiotherapist, discuss the relationship of exercises and stress.

(14 Marks)

June 2010

SECTION 1

PART A : MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ( 40 MARKS)

Choose the best option to answer the questions.

1. A study on human origin, customs and beliefs is also known as

A. Biology.

B. Sociology.

C. Psychology.

D. Anthropology.*

2. In most schools, motivations are done to help students cope with emotional stress and handling other interpersonal issues. This field is known as

A. counseling psychology.*

B. abnormal psychology.

C. biological psychology.

D. social psychology.

3. A study which concerns with human development and the factors that shape behavior from birth to old age is called

A. developmental psychology.*

B. abnormal psychology .

C. clinical psychology.

D. social psychology.

4. The factor that determines how quick and how much a person can learn is

A. time .

B. financial.

C. motivation.*

D. environment.

5. According to Erickson, at which stage of life an individual faces the crisis of initiative vs guilt ?

A. Childhood.

B. Adolescence.

C. Early adulthood .

D. Middle adulthood.

6. During learning process, a participant should be always encouraged. There should not be any scolding or negative criticism because they will be affected

A. mentally

B. emotionally

C. physically

D. intelligently.

7. The psychoanalysis who is responsible for developing the classical conditioning involving a dog was

A. B.F Skinner.

B. Sigmund Freud.

C. Carl Rogers.

D. Ivan Pavlov.*

8. In most schools, motivations are done to help students cope with emotional stress and handling other interpersonal issues. This field is known as

A. counseling psychology.

B. abnormal psychology.

C. biological psychology.

D. social psychology .

9. When information does not fit, the person must reexamine and adjust his thinking to accommodate the new information. Which of the following theory refer to this statement?

A Theory of Motivation.

B Theory of Cognitive Development.

C Theory of Psychosocial Development.*

D Theory of Psychoanalytic Development.

10. According to Piaget’s theory, which of the following is the typical age in which children would be able to participate in a group discussion about the concept of self esteem?

A. 6 – 7 years of age.

B. 4 - 5 years of age.

C. 8 - 10 years of age.

D. 12 – 14 years of age.

11. Parents who are rigid and punitive and value unquestioning obedience from their children is called

A. authoritarian parents.

B. authoritative parents .*

C. uninvolved parents.

D. permissive parents .

12 During learning process a participant must be given positive encouragement. There should not be any negative statement because it will affect the learners

A. emotionally .

B. physically.

C. mentally.

D. visually.

13. Collection of behavioral pattern, emotion and thoughts is also referred to as

A. intelligence.

B. experience.

C. personality.*

D. ego.

14. Sigmund Freud believed that behavior is motivated by

A. inherited characteristics.

B. one’s subconscious inner forces.

C. a desire to achieve personal fulfillment.

D. a natural tendency to recognize self through perception.

15. Conflict between personal needs and the social world is known as

A. life dilemma.

B. social dilemma.

C. psychosocial dilemma.

D. psychological dilemma.

16. “Intimacy Vs. Isolation” is commonly faced by human at which stage?

A. Young adulthood.

B. Middle adulthood.

C. Adolescent stage.

D. Late adulthood.

17. Working memory is also referred as

A. short term memory.

B. long term memory.

C. episodic memory .

D. sensory memory.

18. Which one of the following is the most common factor that inhibits one’s learning process?

A. Emotional influences.

B. Family members.

C. Financial factor.

D. Intelligence .

19. The mother of an 18-year old male comes to the local mental health center. She is extremely upset because her son has returned from his college and is uncontrollable. He takes his brother’s clothing and refuses to get a job. The mother asks why her son behaves like this. You understands that adolescents are usually:

A anxious and unhappy.

B angry and irresponsible.

C impulsive and self-centered.

D hyperactive and self-destructive.

20. When she was young , Mary suffered a traumatic experienced but block this for several years. Under psychoanalysis this experienced was discovered .What is this type of memory called?

A. Hidden.

B. Sublimation.

C. Removed.

D. Repressed.

21. Amy is a 6 years old school girl. What kind of crisis will she face at her age?

A Identity vs. Role confusion.

B Industry vs. Inferiority.

C Initiative vs. Guilt.

D Integrity vs. despair.

22. According to Erikson, an individual who fails to master the maturational crisis of adolescence will most often

A. rebel at parental orders.

B. be interpersonally isolated.

C. experience role confusion .

D. resort to substance abuse as an escape.

23. Failure to establish good relationship during childhood leads to a deep sense of

A. isolation.

B. confusion.

C. happiness.

D. achievement.

24. The parents of an overweight adolescent female tell you that they are concerned that their daughter feels inferior to her sister who is an attractive, successful college senior. They ask you what they can do about this problem. You should

A. tell them to avoid talking about their older child’s accomplishments.

B. suggest that they appear to be creating a problem where none exists.

C. encourage them to give the adolescent recognition for her strong points.

D. advice them to tell the adolescent to view her sister’s success as a challenge.

25. Your role in maintaining or promoting the health of the older adult should be based on the principle that:

A. some of the physiologic changes that occur as a result of aging are reversible.

B. thoughts of impending death are frequent and depressing to most older adults.

C. older adults can better accept the dependent state that occur due to chronic illness.

D. there is a strong correlation between successful retirement and maintaining good health.

26. Any automatic, unconscious response that helps a person reduce painful feelings associated with emotional problems is called

A. defense mechanism.

B. habituation.

C. introspection.

D. functionalism.

27. The best rationale for introducing yourself to a blind client and informing him or her exactly what you are going to do is that these actions

A. encourage and use clear communication.

B. illustrate the principle of open communication.

C. decrease the client’s anxiety and fear of the unknown.

D. are the accepted procedure for beginning a nurse-client relationship.

28. What kind of reaction should be shown by a health care provider when facing a client who is in stress?

A. Mind our own work.

B. Smile and keep quiet.

C. Ask help from counselor to identify client’s problem.

D. Be friendly, smile and show willingness to communicate.

29. You plan to teach a client to use healthier coping behaviors that consciously can be used to reduce anxiety. These include

A. exercise, suppression.

B. sublimation, smoking.

C. repression, smoking.

D. eating, dissociation.

30. Which one of the following methods is the best coping mechanism for stress?

A. Try out to best friend.

B. Try to forget about problems.

C. Set a problem solving strategy to handle problems.

D. Isolate self from surrounding to prevent from getting angry further.

31. Involuntarily forgetting about unacceptable ideas, impulses or events is called

A. suppression.

B. regression.

C. repression.

D. rationalization.

32. Major life events such as the death of a parent or spouse, the loss of one’s job included under

A. background

B. personal stressors

C. cataclysmic event

D. cognitive stressor

33. When you assess your client , which of the following to be at the highest risk of developing post traumatic stress disorder.

A. A client who recently moved to a new city.

B. A client with a family history of shooting

C. A client who witnessed a fatal shooting

D. A client who has panic disorder

34. Which one of the following methods is the best coping mechanism for stress?

A. Try out to best friend.

B. Try to forget about problems.

C. Set a problem solving strategy to handle problems.

D. Isolate self from surrounding to prevent from getting angry further.

35. Sandra met with an accident and has a huge wound on her face. She is very depressed over it because it will leave a scar on her face. Sandra is experiencing

A loss of emotion.

B loss of an object.

C loss of valued person.

D loss of aspect of self.

36. A client diagnosed with cancer does not talk about or acknowledge the diagnosis. Which of the following defense mechanisms is this client using?

A. Denial.

B. Projection.

C. Sublimation.

D. Rationalization.

37. A terminally ill client is moving gradually toward resolution of feelings about impending death. Basing the plan of care on Kubler-Ross’s research, you should use nonverbal interventions after having assessed that the client is in the

A anger stage.

B denial stage.

C bargaining stage.

D acceptance stage.

38. When caring for a client who has recently lost a body part or valued function, it is essential for you to include which of the following measures in the care plan?

A Encouraging an immediate independence in self care.

B Inviting the assistance of a person who has had a similar experience.

C Allowing adequate time for the client to work through the grief.

D Providing information to the client about how to contact community resources.

39. A diabetic patient was told that the amputation of a leg is necessary to sustain life. The client is very upset and states to you, “ This is all doctor’s fault! I have done everything that the doctor has asked me to do” you interpret client’s statement as;

A. an expected coping mechanism.

B. an effective coping mechanism.

C. a need to notify the hospital lawyer.

D. an expression of guilt on the part of client.

40. A terminally ill client is moving gradually toward resolution of feelings about impending death. Base on the plan of care by Kubler-Ross’s research, you should use nonverbal interventions after having assessed that the client is in the

A. anger stage.

B. denial stage.

C. bargaining stage.

D. acceptance stage.

PART B: TRUE AND FALSE QUESTIONS ( 20 MARKS)

Indicate whether each answer is TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).

1. Below are the components of Model of Self Awareness

a. Open area includes the behavior s, feelings and thought known to the individual and those around them.

b. Hidden area includes thing that confidential to own self.

c. Blind area includes those things that only the individual knows , it is the secret and protected area of the self.

d. Unknown area contain aspects of the self that are not known by others or individual.

e. True area includes the behavior of oneself.

2. Below are the statement about human growth and development

a. Growth is a measurable changes in physical size of body and its part e.g height and weight.

b. Development refers to change that due genetic inheritance.

c. Biological, cognitive and socio economical processes are the component of human development.

d. The stage of life where a person is more career oriented and economically independent is at adolescent

e. Psychological dilemma is a conflict between trust and mistrust.

3. There are few methodology of behavior management in health care setting.

a. Biomedical approach where the psychotropic drugs are administered to control violent individual.

b. By giving a motivational dialogue to challenge a negative thought is also one of the biomedical approach to manage behavior.

c. Cognitive approach can be applied e.g. hypnosis, visualization/imaginary and also modification of stress evaluation.

d. Relaxation, assertive training and expression of emotion is an example of behavioral approach.

e. Challenge the negative thought is also one of the biomedical approach of managing behavior.

4. Dimension of pain includes organic and psychogenic type of pain.

a. Organic pain refers to discomfort that is cause mainly by tissue damage.

b. Pain without organic basis are called somatoform disorder.

c. Psychogenic pain seems to result secondarily from psychological processes.

d. Psychogenic pain does not involve real sensation.

e. Acute pain is a pain or discomfort that occurs more than six month duration.

SECTION 2

PART A : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS ( 20 MARKS )

Answer all questions

1. Personality composed of three elements as defined by Sigmund Freud.

a. Briefly explain the three ( 3 ) elements. ( 6 marks )

2. Pain behavior is part of a sick role and is being maintained and strengthened by secondary gain. List two ( 2 ) types of pain behavior. ( 2 marks)

3. World Health Organization (WHO) defined chronic illness as a long duration and slow progression illness.

a. Briefly explain two (2) psychological impact to the client with Chronic Illness. ( 4 marks)

4. There are many factors that can influence someone to stress.

a. Define stress. ( 2 marks)

b. List the 3 phases of stress ( 6 marks )

PART B : MODIFIED ESSAY QUESTIONS. ( 20 MARKS)

Answer ONE (1) question only.

QUESTION 1

The theory of needs as mentioned by Abraham Maslow focus on hierarchy of needs which is one of the essential factor in our living

a. State five (5) stages of the hierarchy. ( 5 marks)

b. Explain briefly how does the above theory benefit in daily activity. (15 marks)

QUESTION 2 Grieving process varies within one person to another.

a. Define grieving. ( 2 marks)

b. State four (4) sources of loss. ( 4 marks)

c. Explain briefly FOUR (4) factors that can influence the reaction of person during loss. ( 12 marks)

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