April 2019
1. Epithelial tissues
(A) reproduce slowly--rapidly
(B) have a spindle shape
(C) have no blood supply*--has nerve supply, avscular
(D) consist of a few collagen fibers--CT
2. Simple squamous epithelium can be found in the
(A) lobe of the ear
(B) alveoli of the lungs*--renal corpuscles, heart, blood, lymph vessels, ventral body cavity/serosae lining
(C) rectum of the large intestine
(D) trachea of the respiratory tract
3. Transitional epithelial tissue can be found in the
(A) heart
(B) ureter*--urinary bladder, urethra
(C) trachea
(D) duodenum
4. What is the type of epithelial tissue commonly lining the glands, ducts and kidney tubules?
(A) simple squamous
(B) simple cuboidal*--ovary & thyroid follicles
(C) simple columnar
(D) pseudostratified columnar
5. The type of epithelial tissue shown in Figure 1 is the
(A) transitional epithelium
(B) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
(C) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium*
(D) non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
6. Which of the following is a characteristic of connective tissues?
(A) it consists of fibers with peripherally located nuclei--muscle
(B) the cells are connected to each other by tight junctions--epithelial
(C) it contains intercellular ground substance known as matrix*--extracellular matrix
(D) the cells have long processes extending from the cell body--nerve
7. Which of the following cell types produces and maintains collagenous fibres of connective tissue?
(A) osteocyte
(B) fibroblast*--elastic fiber, proteoglycans
(C) lymphocyte
(D) macrophage
8. The cells of both chondrous and osseous tissues are located inside a fluid-filled space called
(A) lacunae*
(B) papillae
(C) canaliculi
(D) corpuscle
Tissue X: absorbs the shocks between the adjacent vertebrae
9. Tissue X in Figure 2 refers to
(A) fibrocartilage*--chondrocytes scattered among visible bundles of collagen fibers, no perichondrium, strongest cartilage
(B) dense regular--arranged collagen fibers bundles in parallel, withstands pulling from the ends, unravel when pulled from side, silvery white, tough & pliable, tendons & ligaments
(C) white adipose
(D) skeletal muscle
10. Which of the following describes the characteristic of a skeletal muscle?
(A) they are attached to the bones*
(B) they make up 10 percent of total body weight
(C) the fibers consist of many centrally placed nuclei
(D) their functions are controlled by an autonomic nervous system
multinucleated, voluntary, tendons-bones, joint, skeletal muscle-muscle fiber-myofibrils-thin & thick myofilaments
11. Involuntary (heart contraction) striated muscles refers to
(A) coarse muscles
(B) smooth muscles--cigar-shaped nucleus with spindle-shaped cells, lack striation, involuntary CNS, stomach churning/arteries constriction
(C) skeletal muscles
(D) cardiac muscles*--branched, mononucleated, cardiomyocyte, cardiac muscle-smaller interconnected adjacent cells with single nucleus-intercalated discs gap junction-cells form myocardium-functional synctium
12. Microscopic image shown in Figure 3 represents
(A) cardiac muscle*
(B) skeletal muscle
(C) dense regular tissue
(D) fibrocartilage tissue
13. The efferent nerves embedded in skeletal muscles are known as ___________ motor neurons.
(A) sensory
(B) somatic*
(C) symmetry
(D) autonomic
14. The gap between the terminal ends of neurons is called
(A) ganglia
(B) synapses*
(C) receptors
(D) transmitter
15. Which of the following is NOT a type of glial cells?
(A) microglia
(B) astrocytes
(C) neuroneocytes*
(D) oligodendrocytes
16. The point of origin of the axon from cell body of neuron is called
(A) axon hillock*
(B) axon terminal
(C) myelin sheath
(D) synaptic vesicles
17. Which of the following neuroglia is similar in function with Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
(A) microglia
(B) astrocyte
(C) neuroneocyte
(D) oligodendrocyte*
18. Which stratum of the skin epidermis is important in preventing fluid loss from human body?
(A) lucidum--seen in thick skin of palms & soles of feet, 3~5 rows clear flat dead cells, keratohyalin
(B) spinosum--"spiny", 8~10 rows of polyhedral cells, prickly spines, shrink (slide), melanin granules & Langerhan's cells
(C) granulosum*--3~5 rows flat cells, organelles disintegrate cells eventually die, keratohyalin accumulate, glycolipids secreted into EC space (slow water loss)
(D) germinativum, basale--attached to dermis, single row, columnar keratinocytes, rapid mitotic division, merkel cells & melanocytes, 10~25%
corneum--"horny", keratin, desquamation, effective barrier against light heat bacteria, dandruff & flakes (40Ibs. in a lifetime)
19. The type of sweat gland presents in skin of the armpit, genital area or areola of the breasts is known as a/an
(A) eccrine
(B) apocrine*
(C) holocrine
(D) merocrine
20. The function of muscularis mucosae layer in the intestinal mucosa is to
(A) help coordinate the peristalsis rhythms--muscularis externa
(B) promote local stirring at the mucosal surface
(C) carry out the functions of secretion and absorption*--mucosa
(D) provide immune responses against the intestinal pathogens
21. A parasympathetic nervous tissue that can be found in muscularis externa of the small intestine is called
(A) Peyer’s patches.
(B) Brunner’s glands.
(C) Aeurbach’s plexus.*
(D) Meissener’s corpuscle.
22. The outermost layer of an intestinal tract is called serosa or adventitia. The term adventitia is applied when the layer is
(A) in the large intestine areas
(B) in the small intestine areas
(C) exposed to the peritoneal fluid
(D) attached to the surrounding tissue*--outer layer of fibrous CT surround organ
23. Identify the structure in Figure 4
(A) trachea
(B) alveolus*
(C) bronchus
(D) bronchiole
24. The following components of the respiratory tract wall increase(s) in amount from trachea to alveoli:
(A) cilia
(B) cartilage
(C) Goblet cells*
(D) elastic fibres
25. The epithelium that comprises the outer wall or parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule is
(A) simple cuboidal
(B) simple columnar
(C) simple squamous*
(D) pseudostratified columnar
26. The cells within kidney glomerulus which form the filtration slit are the
(A) podocytes*
(B) mesangial cells
(C) juxtaglomerular cells
(D) capillary endothelial cells
27. Which of the following components of ovary produces progesterone?
(A) theca interna--estroden
(B) theca externa
(C) granulosa lutein cells*--corpus luteum
(D) cells of the corpus albicans
28. Cells having large pale nuclei and ovoid in shape in the seminiferous tubules and support the germ cells are called
(A) spermatids--lie in luminal of seminiferous epithelium, small (10um diameter), light/eccentric nucleus, chromatin condenses during spermatid maturation into spermatozoa, nucleus become smaller & stains darker, spermiogenesis (terminal of spermatogenesis)
(B) Sertoli cells*--irregular shape, less than spermatogenic cells, ovoid/angular large lightly stained nucleus with large nucleolus, a fold in nuclear membrane (not certainly visible), extend from basement membrane to luminal of seminiferous epithelium
(C) Leydig cells--in interstitial tissue, synthesis & secrete testosterone, cluster, rich capillaries, strongly acidophilic, finely granular, large round eccentric nucleus, variable in size
(D) spermatogonia--first cell of spermatogenesis, remain dormant til puberty, in contact with basal lamina of tubule, Type A round nucleus with fine chromatin grains & 1/2 nuclei (stem cells which divide to form new generations of A&B), Type B round nuclei with variable size chromatin granules which attach to nuclear membrane (divide repeatedly, form primary spermatocyte in mitosis)
29. Testosterone is produced by the
(A) spermatid
(B) spermatogonia
(C) primary spermatocyte
(D) interstitial cells of Leydig*
30. The functions of vascular networks in papillary dermis of the skin are to
I. assist in thermoregulation.
II. support the epidermis with vital nutrients.
III. provide protection against infectious agents.
IV. prevents excessive evaporation of water from the skin.
(A) I, II and III
(B) I, III and IV
(C) II, III and IV
(D) All of the above*
1. a. List the THREE (3) fundamental components of connective tissue. (3 Marks)
b. State the general function of the connective tissue. (1 Mark)
c. Name and compare the location of the THREE (3) types of connective tissue proper. (6 Marks)
2. a. Describe FOUR (4) functions of muscular tissues. (4 Marks)
b. List FOUR (4) characteristics of smooth muscle. (4 Marks)
c. State TWO (2) microscopic features of a skeletal muscle. (2 Marks)
3. a. Draw and label any FIVE (5) components of a neuron. (7 Marks)
b. Explain the characteristics of microglial cell. (3 Marks)
Question 1
Discuss the histological characteristics of skin epidermis. (20 Marks)
Question 2
Discuss the four layers of small intestinal wall. (20 Marks)
Question 3
Discuss the histology of primary and secondary follicles of the ovary. (20 Marks)
Feb 2018
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissues?
(A) no blood vessels*
(B) reproduce slowly
(C) rich in collagen fibers
(D) cells are spindle in shape
2. The type of epithelial tissue shown in Figure 1 is
(A) transitional*
(B) simple squamous
(C) stratified squamous
(D) pseudostratified columnar
3. Simple columnar epithelial tissue can be found in the
(A) lobe of the ear
(B) alveoli of the lungs
(C) lumen of the small intestine*--digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of glands, bronchi, uterine tubes, uterus
(D) trachea of the respiratory tract
4. What is the type of epithelial tissue found in glands, ducts and kidney tubules?
(A) simple cuboidal*
(B) simple columnar
(C) simple squamous
(D) pseudostratified columnar
5. Neuroepithelium is a type of specialized epithelia present in the
(A) nail
(B) testis
(C) scalp
(D) tongue*
6. Which of the following is a characteristic of connective tissue?
(A) The cells are connected to each other by desmosomes.
(B) It consists of fascicles with peripherally located nuclei.
(C) It contains intercellular ground substance known as matrix.*
(D) The cells have long processes extending from the cell body.
7. Microscopic image shown in Figure 2 is likely to be a/an
(A) elastic tissue
(B) areolar tissue*
(C) reticular tissue
(D) dense irregular tissue
8. Absorption, secretion and protection are the functions of which tissue type?
(A) nervous
(B) muscular
(C) epithelial*
(D) connective
9. The cells of cartilage tissues are located inside a fluid-filled space called
(A) lacunae*
(B) papillae
(C) canaliculi
(D) corpuscle
10. Which of the following connective tissue absorbs shocks between the adjacent vertebrae?
(A) reticular
(B) dense regular
(C) fibrocartilage*
(D) white adipose
11. Microscopic image shown in Figure 3 represents
(A) cardiac muscle*
(B) skeletal muscle
(C) dense regular tissue
(D) fibrocartilage tissue
12. Which of the following statements are TRUE for skeletal muscle?
(A) They are attached to the bones.*
(B) They make up 10 percent of total body weight.
(C) The fibers consist of many centrally located nuclei.
(D) Their functions are controlled by an autonomic nervous system.
13. The tissue type in Figure 4 is
(A) fibrocartilage
(B) cardiac muscle
(C) skeletal muscle*
(D) dense regular connective tissue
14. Involuntary striated muscle refers to
(A) coarse muscle
(B) cardiac muscle*
(C) smooth muscle
(D) skeletal muscle
15. The efferent nerves embedded in skeletal muscles are functionally
(A) enteric
(B) somatic*--voluntary
(C) automatic
(D) autonomic
16. The gap between the terminal ends of neurons is called
(A) ganglia
(B) synapses*
(C) receptors
(D) transmitter
17. Which of the following is NOT a type of glial cells?
(A) microglia
(B) astrocytes
(C) elliptocyte*
(D) oligodendrocytes
CNS-astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, olidodendrocytes
PNS-Schwann cells, satellite cells
18. The point of origin of the axon from cell body of neuron is called
(A) axon hillock*
(B) axon terminal
(C) myelin sheath
(D) synaptic vesicles
19. Which of these glial cells has similar function with Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system?
(A) microglia
(B) astrocyte
(C) elliptocyte
(D) oligodendrocyte*
20. The receptive surface of a neuron is called
(A) axon
(B) dendrites*
(C) myelin sheath
(D) neurotransmitter
21. Which layer of skin epidermis is important in preventing fluid loss from human body?
(A) stratum lucidum
(B) stratum spinosum
(C) stratum granulosum*
(D) stratum germinativum
22. The function of muscularis mucosae layer in the intestinal mucosa is to
(A) help coordinate the peristalsis rhythms.
(B) promote local stirring at the mucosal surface.
(C) carry out the functions of secretion and absorption.*
(D) provide immune responses against the intestinal pathogens.
23. Parasympathetic nervous tissue present in muscularis externa of the small intestine is called
(A) Peyer’s patches
(B) Brunner’s glands
(C) Aeurbach’s plexus*
(D) Meissener’s corpuscle
24. The outermost layer of an intestine is either serosa or adventitia. The term adventitia is used when the layer is
(A) in the large intestine
(B) in the small intestine
(C) exposed to the peritoneal fluid
(D) attached to the surrounding tissue*
25. The cells within kidney glomerulus which form the filtration slit are the
(A) podocytes*
(B) mesangial cells
(C) juxtaglomerular cells
(D) capillary endothelial cells
26. Identification of a macula densa in a section of kidney also identifies the point of contact between afferent arteriole and
(A) loop of Henle
(B) collecting duct
(C) distal convoluted tubule
(D) proximal convoluted tubule
27. Which of the following components of ovary produces progesterone?
(A) theca interna
(B) theca externa
(C) granulosa lutein cells*
(D) cells of the corpus albicans
28. Cells having large pale nuclei and ovoid in shape in the seminiferous tubules and support the germ cells are called
(A) spermatids
(B) Sertoli cells*
(C) Leydig cells
(D) spermatogonia
29. Testosterone is produced by the
(A) spermatid
(B) spermatogonia
(C) primary spermatocyte
(D) interstitial cells of Leydig*
30. The functions of vascular networks in papillary dermis of the skin are to
I. assist in thermoregulation.
II. support the epidermis with vital nutrients.
III. provide protection against infectious agents.
IV. prevent excessive evaporation of water from the skin.
(A) I, II and III
(B) I, III and IV
(C) II, III and IV
(D) I, II, III and IV*
1. a. Describe SIX (6) functions of connective tissue. (6 Marks)
b. Name ALL types and subtypes of connective tissues. (4 Marks)
2. a. Describe FOUR (4) functions of muscular tissues. . (4 Marks)
b. List FOUR (4) characteristics of smooth muscle. (4 Marks)
c. State TWO (2) microscopic features of a skeletal muscle. (2 Marks)
3. a. Draw and label any FIVE (5) components of a neuron. (7 Marks)
b. List the characteristics of a microglial cell. (3 Marks)
Question 1
Discuss the histological characteristics of skin epidermis. (20 Marks)
Question 2
Explain the characteristics of SIX (6) mucosa epithelial cell types. (20 Marks)
Question 3
Discuss the histology of primary and secondary follicles of the ovary. (20 Marks)
Jan 2017
1. Within the cell, DNA is found in the nucleus. Another organelle that contains DNA is
(A) perioxisome
(B) Smooth ER
(C) mitochondria*--chloroplast
(D) Golgi apparatus
2. Within the extracellular matrix of connective tissues, small fibers can be found mostly in
(A) cartilage*--dense network of collagen & elastic fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate (rubbery component of ground substance), withstand more stress than dense & loose CT
(B) loose connective tissue
(C) dense regular connective tissue
(D) dense irregular connective tissue
3. The function of epithelial tissue is protection, absorption, secretion, ion transport, filtration, slippery surface
(A) synthesis
(B) secretion*
(C) movement
(D) support soft body parts
4. The function of nervous tissue is
(A) secretion
(B) protection
(C) movement--muscle tissue
(D) coordinate body activities*
5. The post office of the cell refer to
(A) nucleus
(B) smooth ER
(C) mitochondria
(D) Golgi apparatus
6. Which of the following is INCORRECT about tissue muscle?
(A) Bones - movement
(B) Skeletal muscle cells – motion
(C) Cardiac muscle cells – heartbeat
(D) Nerve cells - coordination, perception and automatic body functions*
7. Where is the location of epiglottis?
(A) larynx
(B) trachea
(C) pharynx*--behind tongue, in front larynx
(D) esophagus
8. Which of the following enzymes help to break down starch in the mouth?
(A) ligase
(B) tripsin
(C) lactase
(D) amylase*
9. What is the function of liver?
(A) absorbs water
(B) help in digestion
(C) storage of toxic and protein
(D) filters out toxins and waste including drugs and alcohol and poisons*--detoxification
10. Which organ functions to carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder via peristalsis?
(A) ureter*
(B) bladder
(C) nephron
(D) renal pelvis
11. Ovary is located on each side of the uterus
(A) below and behind the uterine tubes
(B) below side of the endometrium cavity
(C) upper of fundus, nearer fallopian tubes
(D) the area where the fallopian tubes enter the uterus
12. This reproductive organ is measured about 7.5 X 5 X 2.5 cm and weight about 60 grams. It is refered to
(A) ovary
(B) uterus
(C) scortum
(D) Fallopian tubes
13. General physical changes occur in the adult male are as below EXCEPT
(A) Hair growth
(B) Voice changes
(C) Volume of body changes
(D) Changes in body conformation and skin
14. Which of these cells produce male sex hormones?
(A) leydics
(B) Intestinal cell
(C) Seminiferous cell
(D) Columnar secrete cell
15. Where is the mature sperm stored?
(A) testes
(B) scrotum
(C) epididymis
(D) tail of the epididymis
16. What is the content of cytoplasm?
I. keratine
II. chromatin
III. mitochondria
IV. Golgi apparatus
(A) I and II
(B) I and IV
(C) II and IV
(D) I, III and IV
17. Which of the following statements are associated with nucleus?
I. It is found in eukaryotic cell.
II. It is found in prokaryotic cell.
III. It is an area of cytoplasm of the cell where DNA is localized.
IV. It is an area of the cell bounded by nuclear membrane where DNA is localized.
(A) I and III
(B) I and IV
(C) II and III
(D) II and IV
18. Neuroglia are cells which support and protect neurons and they include
I. astrocyte
II. dendritis--neuron
III. pericaryon--neuron
IV. microgliocyte
(A) I and IV*
(B) I and III
(C) I and IV
(D) II and III
19. Myelinated axons are surrounded by a lipid-rich layer called
(A) lipidis
(B) protein
(C) myelin sheath*
(D) Schwann cell plasma
20. Dense regular connective tissue
I. found in joint capsules and heart valves
II. forms tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses
III. consists of bundles of collagen fibers and fibroblast
IV. provides strong attachment between various structures
(A) I and II
(B) III and IV
(C) I, II and III
(D) II, III and IV*
1. a. Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through small intestine walls. List out FIVE (5) nutrients that can be absorbed by small intestine.
b. Describe FIVE (5) phases in digestion process. (10 Marks)
2. With the aid of a diagram, describe the anatomy of lung. (10 Marks)
3. When you process urine for cytology in the laboratory and view via microscope, you can see certain cells.
a. What are normal of epithelial cells commonly seen in the urine?(5 Marks)
b. Describe the cytomorphology of superficial urothelial cells? (5 Marks)
4. True connective tissue cells:
a. State FIVE (5) types of true connective tissue cells and their functions(5 Marks)
b. Differentiate between loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue (5 Marks)
Question 1
Different kinds of tissue suited for a different activity. Discuss FOUR (4) types of tissue with their main function and location.(20 Marks)
Question 2
With aid of diagram describe the component of cell and its function. (20 Marks)
Question 3
i. What is the structure and function of skeleton muscle tissue? (5 Marks)
ii. What are the different types of tissue muscle? (5 Marks)
iii. Where are the muscle cells found in the body? (5 Marks)
iv. What makes up a muscle tissue? (5 Marks)
Sept 2017
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissues?
(A) no blood vessels*
(B) reproduce slowly
(C) rich in collagen fibers
(D) cells are spindle in shape
2. The type of epithelial tissue shown in Figure 1 is
(A) transitional*
(B) simple squamous
(C) stratified squamous
(D) pseudostratified columnar
3. Simple columnar epithelial tissue can be found in the
(A) lobe of the ear
(B) alveoli of the lungs
(C) lumen of the small intestine*
(D) trachea of the respiratory tract
4. What is the type of epithelial tissue found in glands, ducts and kidney tubules?
(A) simple cuboidal*
(B) simple columnar
(C) simple squamous
(D) pseudostratified columnar
5. Neuroepithelium is a type of specialized epithelia present in the
(A) nail
(B) testis
(C) scalp
(D) tongue*
6. Which of the following is a characteristic of connective tissue?
(A) the cells are connected to each other by desmosomes
(B) it consists of fascicles with peripherally located nuclei
(C) it contains intercellular ground substance known as matrix*
(D) the cells have long processes extending from the cell body
7. Microscopic image shown in Figure 2 is likely to be a/an
(A) elastic tissue
(B) areolar tissue*
(C) reticular tissue
(D) dense irregular tissue
8. Absorption, secretion and protection are the functions of which tissue type?
(A) nervous
(B) muscular
(C) epithelial*
(D) connective
9. The cells of cartilage tissues are located inside a fluid-filled space called
(A) lacunae*
(B) papillae
(C) canaliculi
(D) corpuscle
10. Which of the following connective tissue absorbs shocks between the adjacent vertebrae?
(A) reticular
(B) dense regular
(C) fibrocartilage*
(D) white adipose
11. Microscopic image shown in Figure 3 represents
(A) cardiac muscle*
(B) skeletal muscle
(C) dense regular tissue
(D) fibrocartilage tissue
12. Which of the following statements are TRUE for skeletal muscle?
(A) they are attached to the bones*
(B) they make up 10 percent of total body weight
(C) the fibers consist of many centrally located nuclei
(D) their functions are controlled by an autonomic nervous system
13. The largest smooth muscle cells in human body can be found in the
(A) heart
(B) uterus
(C) intestine*--blood vessel, stomach, arteries
(D) arterioles
14. Involuntary striated muscle refers to
(A) coarse muscle
(B) cardiac muscle*
(C) smooth muscle
(D) skeletal muscle
15. The efferent nerves embedded in skeletal muscles are functionally
(A) enteric
(B) somatic*
(C) automatic
(D) autonomic
16. The gap between the terminal ends of neurons is called
(A) ganglia
(B) synapses*
(C) receptors
(D) transmitter
17. Which of the following is NOT a type of glial cells?
(A) microglia
(B) astrocytes
(C) elliptocyte*--ovalocytes, are abnormally shaped red blood cells that appear oval or elongated, from slightly egg-shaped to rod or pencil forms. They have normal central pallor with the hemoglobin appearing concentrated at the ends of the elongated cells when viewed through a light microscope.
(D) oligodendrocytes
18. The point of origin of the axon from cell body of neuron is called
(A) axon hillock*
(B) axon terminal
(C) myelin sheath
(D) synaptic vesicles
19. Which of these glial cells has similar function with Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system?
(A) microglia
(B) astrocyte
(C) elliptocyte
(D) oligodendrocyte*
20. The receptive surface of a neuron is called
(A) axon
(B) dendrites*
(C) myelin sheath
(D) neurotransmitter
21. Which layer of skin epidermis is important in preventing fluid loss from human body?
(A) stratum lucidum
(B) stratum spinosum
(C) stratum granulosum*
(D) stratum germinativum
22. The function of muscularis mucosae layer in the intestinal mucosa is to
(A) help coordinate the peristalsis rhythms
(B) promote local stirring at the mucosal surface
(C) carry out the functions of secretion and absorption*
(D) provide immune responses against the intestinal pathogens
23. Parasympathetic nervous tissue present in muscularis externa of the small intestine is called
(A) Peyer’s patches
(B) Brunner’s glands
(C) Aeurbach’s plexus*
(D) Meissener’s corpuscle
24. The outermost layer of an intestine is either serosa or adventitia. The term adventitia is used when the layer is
(A) in the large intestine
(B) in the small intestine
(C) exposed to the peritoneal fluid
(D) attached to the surrounding tissue*
25. Which of the following components is found in the choroid layer of an eyeball?
(A) pigmented epithelium
(B) dense fibrous connective tissue*--contain fibroblasts, closest to sclera (pigmented melanocytes), inner surface (choriocapillary layer) provide nutrients to retina, Burch's membrane (elasctic fibers surrounded by collagen fibers)
(C) pigmented loose connective tissue
(D) non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
26. The MOST common cell type seen in substantia propria of the cornea is a
(A) fibroblast*--keratin
(B) leukoblast
(C) melanocyte
(D) chondrocyte
27. What is the type of epithelial cells present in pigmented epithelium of the retina?
(A) simple cuboidal*--or columnar
(B) simple columnar
(C) simple squamous
(D) pseudostratified columnar
28. The main feature which distinguish corneal tissues from other tissues is its
(A) mobility
(B) thickness
(C) flexibility
(D) transparency*
29. The outermost layer of meninges is the
(A) skull
(B) pia mater
(C) arachnoid
(D) dura mater*
30. The functions of vascular networks in papillary dermis of the skin are to
I. assist in thermoregulation
II. support the epidermis with vital nutrients
III. provide protection against infectious agents
IV. prevents excessive evaporation of water from the skin
(A) I, II and III
(B) I, III and IV
(C) II, III and IV
(D) I, II, III and IV*
1. a. Describe SIX (6) functions of connective tissue. (6 Marks)
b. Name ALL types and subtypes of connective tissues. (4 Marks)
2. a. Describe FOUR (4) functions of muscular tissues. (4 Marks)
b. List FOUR (4) characteristics of smooth muscle. (4 Marks)
c. State TWO (2) microscopic features of skeletal muscle. (2 Marks)
3. a. Draw and label any FIVE (5) components of neuron. (7 Marks)
b. List the characteristics of microglial cell. (3 Marks)
Question 1
Discuss the histological characteristics of skin epidermis and dermis. (20 Marks)
Question 2
Discuss in details the histology of small intestine. (20 Marks)
Question 3
Discuss the histology of choroid and retina of the eyes. (20 Marks)
Aug 2016
1. Which of the following cell organelle provides energy for functions of the cell?
(A) nucleus
(B) ribosome
(C) mitochondria*
(D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
2. Intracellular digestion is carried out by the
(A) lysosome*
(B) phagosome
(C) Golgi apparatus
(D) endoplasmic reticulum
3. Identify the structure in Figure 1.
(A) cilia
(B) flagella
(C) microvilli
(D) cell membrane*
4. Which of the following is NOT a simple type epithelium?
(A) columnar
(B) squamous
(C) pseudostratified*--special
(D) stratified squamous
5. Which of the below is a unicellular exocrine gland?
(A) Goblet cell*--mucin+water=mucus
(B) sweat gland
(C) salivary gland
(D) mammary gland
6. Which of the following cell is present in the ileum, colon and trachea?
(A) dust cell
(B) Goblet cell*
(C) Sertoli cell
(D) squamous cell
7. Which is an example of dense regular connective tissue
(A) tendon*--ligament
(B) dermis
(C) areolar
(D) myxomatous tissue
8. Which is a specialised connective tissue?
(A) cartilage*--bone
(B) ligament
(C) areolar tissue
(D) hematopoietic tissue
9. Where is the Haversian system present?
(A) bone*--compact bone
(B) tendon
(C) cartilage
(D) adipose tissue
10. Which is NOT a feature of skeletal muscle?
(A) striations--cardiac
(B) elongated cell
(C) spindle shaped cell--smooth
(D) multiple peripheral nuclei*
11. Intercalated disc is a feature of
(A) cartilage
(B) cardiac muscle*
(C) smooth muscle
(D) skeletal muscle
12. Smooth muscle fibres are present in all tissue EXCEPT
(A) aorta
(B) stomach
(C) skeletal tissue*
(D) inferior vena cava
13. Which part of the neuron receives messages from other cells?
(A) axon--transmit
(B) dendrite*
(C) cell body--nucleus & cytoplasm, integrates signal & coordinates metabolic act.
(D) synaptic terminal--attach to other neuron/target cell
14. Which cell forms myelin sheath on peripheral nervous system?
(A) astrocyte
(B) microglia
(C) ependymal cell
(D) Schwann’s cell*
15. Identify what part of the nerve cell is shown (arrow) in Figure 2?
(A) axon*
(B) soma
(C) axon hillock
(D) axon terminal
16. What is the main epithelial lining of the alveoli?
(A) cuboidal
(B) columnar
(C) squamous*--simple
(D) pseudostratified columnar
17. Cartilage is absent at which part of the respiratory tree?
(A) nose
(B) trachea
(C) bronchus
(D) bronchiole*
18. Pulmonary surfactant is produced at the
(A) trachea
(B) alveolus*
(C) bronchus
(D) alveolar duct
19. Which of the following epithelium lines the esophagus?
(A) transitional
(B) simple cuboidal
(C) simple columnar
(D) stratified squamous*--non-keratinized
20. Which part of the gastrointestinal tract contains Brunner’s gland?
(A) stomach
(B) esophagus
(C) large intestine
(D) small intestine*--submucosa
21. How many layers of smooth muscle fibres of the muscularis externa are arranged in the stomach?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3*
(D) 4
22. Fenestrated capillary are present only in
(A) heart
(B) kidney*--intestine, endocrine gland
(C) muscle
(D) gall bladder
23. Podocytes are present in which part of the nephron?
(A) glomerulus*--Bowman capsule
(B) distal convoluted tubule
(C) proximal convoluted tubule
(D) thin segment of Loop of Henle
24. Which of the following epithelial cells line the ureter?
(A) columnar
(B) squamous
(C) transitional*
(D) pseudostratified--trachea, upper respiratory tract
25. What is the lining of the endometrium (inner lining of uterus)?
(A) cuboidal
(B) simple columnar*
(C) stratified columnar
(D) pseudostratified columnar
26. What is the lining of the vagina?
(A) transitional
(B) stratified columnar
(C) stratified squamous*--non-keratinized
(D) simple columnar ciliated
27. Identify which ovarian follicle is seen in Figure 3?
(A) primary
(B) Graafian
(C) secondary*
(D) primordial
28. Which one of the following cells form the blood-testis barrier?
(A) sperm cells
(B) Sertoli cells*--lateral processes are interconnected by tight junctions, which are likely to be structure of blood-testis barrier
(C) Leydig cells
(D) interstitial cells
29. Which layer is present in the testis?
(A) serosa
(B) perimetrium
(C) tunica albuginea*
(D) tunica adventitia
30. The seminiferous tubule has all these layers except for
(A) basal lamina
(B) lamina propria
(C) tunica vaginalis*--testes
(D) seminiferous epithelium
1. a. Describe the difference between the exocrine and endocrine glands. (4 Marks)
b. Describe the THREE (3) types of exocrine glandular secretion. (6 Marks)
2. a. What is the function of the conducting portion and the respiratory portion of the respiratory tree? (2 Marks)
b. State the THREE (3) types of cell found in the respiratory epithelium and describe their functions. (6 Marks)
c. Describe what happens to the epithelial lining as the respiratory tract branches and the luminal diameter decreases. (2 Marks)
3. a. Draw and label a Haversian system of the bone. (3 Marks)
b. List the THREE (3) types of cells that is found in the bone. (3 Marks)
c. Name another type of specialized connective tissue responsible for body support. (1 Mark)
d. Describe how it is different from bone. (3 Marks)
Question 1
Explain the similarities and differences between the THREE (3) types of muscle tissue. Drawings and labelling should be included. (10 Marks)
Question 2
Draw a cross-section of both proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule, then compare them in terms of epithelial lining and function. (10 Marks)
Question 3
Describe the FOUR (4) layers of the small intestinal wall. (10 Marks)
Jan 2016
1. Which of these structures is responsible for the production of protein?
(A) nucleus
(B) ribosome*
(C) mitochondria
(D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
2. Plasma membrane is composed of
(A) lipids only
(B) lipids and proteins only*
(C) lipids and cellulose only
(D) lipids, proteins and carbohydrates
3. Cellular organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes are called
(A) lysosomes
(B) ribosomes
(C) mesosomes
(D) peroxisomes
4. What type of epithelium is one cell layer thick?
(A) simple*
(B) cuboidal
(C) stratified
(D) columnar
5. What type of epithelium has dome shaped cells on the apical surface?
(A) transitional*--urothelium
(B) endothelium
(C) mesothelium
(D) pseudostratified
6. Which of the following is a unicellular gland?
(A) basal cell
(B) goblet cell*
(C) Sertoli cell
(D) squamous cell
7. The type of tissue shown in Figure 1 is
(A) bone
(B) blood
(C) adipose*--CT
(D) cartilage
8. The major function(s) of loose connective tissue include
(A) supporting and surrounding blood vessels and nerves
(B) cushioning organs, storing lipids and facilitating diffusion
(C) occupying spaces between organs and supporting epithelia
(D) all of the above*
9. Which of the following pairings is INCORRECT?
(A) fibrocartilage – intervebral discs
(B) supporting connective tissue - blood*--blood tissue
(C) elastic cartilage – epiglottis and external ear
(D) hyaline cartilage – articular ends of long bones
10. Skeletal muscle is
(A) striated and voluntary
(B) striated and involuntary
(C) non-striated and voluntary*
(D) non-striated and involuntary
11. All of the following are unique features of cardiac muscle EXCEPT
(A) contains intercalated discs
(B) is both striated and involuntary
(C) occurs only in the myocardium
(D) being able to transport fluid and store energy*
12. Which muscle type consists of long cylindrical cells with multiple nuclei located at the periphery of the cell?
(A) cardiac
(B) smooth
(C) skeletal*
(D) all of the above
13. Which tissue type are made of cells specializing in conducting electrical impulses from one body region to another?
(A) muscle
(B) nervous*
(C) epithelial
(D) connective
14. Which cell produces myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
(A) astrocyte
(B) microglia
(C) ependymal cell
(D) oligodendrocyte*
15. A sensory neuron of the peripheral nervous system conducts nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the
(A) interneuron*
(B) motor neuron
(C) cardiac muscle
(D) smooth muscle
16. C-shaped rings that form the framework of the trachea are composed of
(A) bone
(B) skeletal muscle
(C) hyaline cartilage*
(D) fibro-elastic tissue
17. Which structure of a cell is used to move mucus and particles along its surface?
(A) pili
(B) cilia*
(C) flagella
(D) microvilli
18. In which of the following are goblet cells MOST abundant?
(A) trachea*
(B) alveolus
(C) bronchus
(D) bronchiole
19. Which of the following epithelial types functions as protection and is located in the esophagus and anal canal?
(A) transitional
(B) simple cuboidal
(C) simple columnar
(D) stratified squamous*
20. Which of the following regions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is characterized by villi?
(A) stomach
(B) esophagus
(C) large intestine
(D) small intestine*
21. In most regions of the GIT (except oral cavity and stomach), smooth muscle fibres of the muscularis are arranged into
(A) inner circular and outer longitudinal*
(B) outer circular and inner longitudinal
(C) inner oblique and outer longitudinal
(D) outer oblique and inner longitudinal
22. Transitional epithelium lines all of the following EXCEPT the
(A) ureter
(B) bladder
(C) prostatic segment of urethra
(D) cavernous segment of urethra*--external penile urethra
23. Which epithelial cells of the urinary tract are specialized with an apical brush border of microvilli?
(A) collecting duct
(B) distal convoluted tubule
(C) proximal convoluted tubule*
(D) thin segment of Loop of Henle
24. Which of the following epithelial cells of the urinary tract are simple squamous, without apparent structural specialization?
(A) bladder epithelium
(B) collecting tubule epithelium
(C) Bowman’s capsule epithelium*
(D) glomerular epithelium (podocytes)
25. Which stage of the follicle is marked by the surrounding of flattened (squamous) follicular cells?
(A) primary follicle--cuboidal
(B) Graafian follicle
(C) secondary follicle
(D) primordial follicle*
26. Fallopian tubes are lined with
(A) simple columnar ciliated epithelium and peg cells*
(B) pseudostratified columnar epithelium and peg cells
(C) simple columnar ciliated epithelium and goblet cells
(D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium and goblet cells
27. In which layer of the cervix are two types of epithelium found?
(A) mucosa*
(B) adventitia
(C) submucosa
(D) muscularis
28. Which cells produce testosterone?
(A) sperm cells
(B) Sertoli cells
(C) Leydig cells*
(D) interstitial cells
29. Identify this cell type in Figure 2 which is found in the testis.
(A) Sertoli cell*
(B) Leydig cell
(C) spermatozoa
(D) primary spermatocyte
30. Identify which spermatogenic cell is shown by the arrow in Figure 3?
(A) spermatid*
(B) spermatozoa
(C) spermatocyte
(D) spermatogonia
1. a. State the function of: (5 Marks)
i. conducting portion
ii. respiratory portion
iii. cartilage
iv. basal cells in the epithelium
v. goblet cells in the epithelium
b. List the differences between type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes in terms of: (4 Marks)
i. description
ii. function
c. State the other name for alveolar macrophage and provide its function.(1 Mark)
2. a. Name the THREE (3) fundamental components of connective tissues.(3 Marks)
b. State the TWO (2) types of dense connective tissue and provide location for each. (4 Marks)
c. State the function of adipose tissue. (1 Mark)
d. State the difference between brown adipose tissue different and white adipose tissue. (2 Marks)
3. a. Provide functions for the components of the cell below: (3 Marks)
i. cell membrane
ii. cytoplasm
iii. nucleus
b. State the TWO (2) types of endoplasmic reticulum and then comment on their differences. (4 Marks)
c. Name the THREE (3) major compartments of the Golgi complex. (3 Marks)
Question 1
State the function of the ureter and describe its wall structure. (10 Marks)
Question 2
Explain the THREE (3) main criteria in the classification of epithelium. (10 Marks)
Question 3
Discuss on the histological changes of the growing follicles in an ovary. (10 Marks)
Aug 2015
SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes?
(A) lysosome*
(B) mitochondria
(C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
(D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
2. Which organelle is considered the powerhouse of the cell?
(A) ribosome
(B) phagosome
(C) mitochondria*
(D) endoplasmic reticulum
3. The folds on the inner mitochondrial membrane is called the
(A) cristae*
(B) glycocalyx
(C) protoplasm
(D) ground substance
4. What type of epithelium is composed of cells which all touch the basement membrane and is only one cell layer thick? --simple
(A) transitional
(B) stratified columnar
(C) stratified squamous
(D) pseudostratified columnar
5. What type of gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream?
(A) exocrine gland*
(B) endocrine gland
(C) unicellular gland
(D) multicellular gland
6. The type of epithelial cells which are as tall as they are wide is
(A) simple
(B) cuboidal*
(C) stratified
(D) columnar
7. Which of the following can be classified as "specialized connective tissue"?
(A) cartilage*
(B) mesenchyme
(C) loose connective tissue
(D) dense connective tissue
8. The most abundant fibres in connective tissue are the
(A) elastic fibres
(B) muscle fibres
(C) collagen fibres*
(D) reticular fibres
9. What type of tissue is a ligament composed of?
(A) mucous connective tissue
(B) dense regular connective tissue*
(C) loose irregular connective tissue--areolar
(D) dense irregular connective tissue
10. Which of the following is composed of smooth muscle?
(A) heart
(B) biceps muscle
(C) upper esophagus
(D) walls of the visceral organs*
11. The types of muscle that contains striations are
(A) smooth and cardiac muscle*
(B) skeletal and smooth muscle
(C) skeletal and cardiac muscle
(D) smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle
12. Which layer contains Auerbach’s plexus?
(A) serosa
(B) mucosa
(C) submucosa
(D) muscularis externa
13. Which type of neuron is multipolar?
(A) motor neurons*
(B) sensory neurons
(C) motor neurons and interneurons
(D) motor neurons and sensory neurons
14. Which of the following is NOT considered a neuroglia?
(A) microglia
(B) astrocytes
(C) Schwann cells
(D) ependymal cells
15. The cell body of a neuron is called
(A) soma*
(B) ganglion
(C) astrocyte
(D) terminal bouton
16. Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?
(A) Dust cell*
(B) microglia
(C) Kupffer cell
(D) Langerhan cell
17. What cell type is NOT found in the respiratory mucosa?
(A) basal cell
(B) goblet cell
(C) ciliated cell
(D) absorptive cell*
18. The smallest airspace in the respiratory tree is the
(A) alveoli
(B) alveolar duct
(C) terminal bronchiole*
(D) respiratory bronchiole
19. What type of tissue lines the upper esophagus?
(A) transitional epithelium
(B) simple cuboidal epithelium
(C) simple columnar epithelium
(D) stratified squamous epithelium*
20. Brunner’s glands are located in the
(A) stomach
(B) esophagus
(C) large intestine
(D) small intestine*
21. What is another term for intestinal glands?
(A) villi
(B) striated border
(C) plicae circulares
(D) crypts of Lieberkuhn*
22. The brush border is formed by
(A) cilia
(B) microvilli*--simple cuboidal & columnar
(C) stereocilia
(D) keratinization
23. The region of renal corpuscle where the urinary space drains into the proximal convoluted tubule is called the
(A) mesangium
(B) urinary pole*
(C) vascular pole
(D) juxtaglomerular apparatus
24. The region of cortex located between the medullary pyramids of the kidney are called
(A) calyces
(B) renal lobules
(C) renal columns*
(D) medullary rays
25. The space which forms between granulosa cells in Graafian follicles is called the
(A) antrum*
(B) theca interna
(C) theca externa
(D) zona pellucida
26. Cilia are found
(A) lining the uterus
(B) lining the fallopian tube*
(C) on the surface of the ovum
(D) at the surface of the germinal epithelium
27. What type of epithelium lines the ectocervix at the squamocolumnar junction which is usually used for sampling of cervical Pap smear?
(A) pseudostratified
(B) simple columnar
(C) simple squamous
(D) stratified squamous*
28. Which cell of the testis is located interstitially?
(A) spermatid
(B) Sertoli cell
(C) Leydig cell*
(D) spermatozoa
29. The function of the Leydig cells is which of the below?
(A) secretion of testosterone*
(B) secretion of tubular fluid
(C) metabolic and mechanical support of germ cells
(D) phagocytosis of residual bodies from maturing spermatids
30. The outermost layer of the testis is
(A) mucosa
(B) rete testis
(C) tunica albuginea*
(D) seminiferous epithelium
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY
Question 1
Describe the components and histological structure of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule. (10 Marks)
Question 2
Name and povide descriptions of any FIVE (5) types of epithelia. (10 Marks)
Question 3
Describe the FOUR (4) layers of the esophageal wall and its contents. (10 Marks)
Jan 2015
SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1. To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through
(A) the nucleus
(B) a ribosome
(C) the Golgi apparatus
(D) the plasma membrane*
2. Which of the following components of mitochondria would be MOST abundant in those cells that have high ATP production?
(A) matrix
(B) F1 subunits
(C) secretion vesicles
(D) outer mitochondrial membrane
3. A cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus would be expected to
(A) move actively
(B) make a lot of ATP
(C) secrete a lot of material
(D) store large quantities of food
4. Which of the following is a primary function of simple squamous epithelium?
(A) secretion--second, lubricating substance in serosae
(B) diffusion*--filtration
(C) protection
(D) absorption
5. What type of epithelium normally lines the lumen of the trachea?
(A) transitional
(B) simple columnar
(C) stratified columnar
(D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar*
6. With a low number of microvilli on the epithelial cells of the small intestine, which process will be slowed down?
(A) stretching
(B) movement
(C) absorption
(D) lubrication
7. Which of the following provides a primary structural network in hematopoietic organs?
(A) elastic fibers
(B) proteoglycans
(C) collagen fibers
(D) reticular fibers
8. A patient suffered a complete tear of biceps brachii muscle at its insertion site. Identify the damaged tissue.
(A) elastic tissue
(B) loose areolar connective tissue
(C) dense regular connective tissue
(D) dense irregular connective tissue
9. Which of the following is seen microscopically in brown fat cells?
(A) poor blood supply
(B) lack of mitochondria
(C) multiple droplets of lipid
(D) peripheral flattened nucleus
10. Which of the following characterizes a cardiac muscle fibre?
(A) multiple nuclei
(B) lack of striations
(C) intercalated disks
(D) spindle-shaped fibre
11. Smooth muscle fibres are NOT found in the
(A) walls of heart
(B) walls of blood vessel
(C) walls of the intestines
(D) walls the respiratory tract
12. Which of the following structures usually are multinucleated?
(A) nerve cells
(B) cardiac muscle cells
(C) smooth muscle cells
(D) skeletal muscle fibres
13. Which of the following is a cell of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) whosefunction is equivalent to the oligodendrocyte within the central nervous system (CNS)?
(A) microglia
(B) astrocytes
(C) satellite cells
(D) Schwann cells
14. The receptive segment of multipolar neuron is the
(A) axon
(B) dendrite
(C) perikaryon
(D) axon terminal
15. The axon hillock is
(A) rich in Nissl bodies
(B) close to the axon terminals
(C) the source of origin of the axon
(D) present as two or more per neuron
16. Which of the following is lined by a simple squamous epithelium?
(A) alveoli
(B) alveolar duct
(C) primary bronchi
(D) respiratory bronchiole
17. Submucosal glands are NOT found in the mucosa of the
(A) trachea
(B) tertiary bronchi
(C) secondary bronchi
(D) terminal bronchiole
18. Clara cells are found MOST exclusively within which component of the bronchial tree?
(A) alveoli
(B) trachea
(C) bronchioles
(D) primary bronchi
19. Every mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract consist of
(A) a simple epithelium
(B) a surface epithelium together with associated glands
(C) a surface epithelial layer, with or without glands, together with an underlying layer of loose connective tissue
(D) a surface epithelial layer, with or without glands, together with an underlying layer of loose connective tissue, and a layer of smooth muscle
20. The connective tissue layer of a mucous membrane is named
(A) the submucosa
(B) lamina propria
(C) the papillary layer
(D) subcutaneous tissue
21. Which of the following cell types is MOST prevalent within the gastric pit of the stomach?
(A) stem cells
(B) enteroendocrine cells
(C) mucus-secreting cells
(D) columnar absorptive cells
22. A pathologist is examining renal tissue with a light microscope. He notices a tubular structure that has a brush border. Which of the following structure is the pathologist examining?
(A) collecting tubule
(B) thin loop of Henle
(C) distal convoluted tubule
(D) proximal convoluted tubule
23. Urine passes from the Bowman’s (urinary) space into which of the following structures?
(A) renal pelvis
(B) minor calyx
(C) collecting duct
(D) proximal convoluted tubule
24. Which of the following features is common to the kidney, ureter and urinary bladder?
(A) lined by transitional epithelium
(B) contain mucous glands in submucosa
(C) surrounded by a layer of skeletal muscle
(D) allow water to pass from the luminal contents
25. The first histological sign that a primordial follicle has matured to form a primary follicle is when the
(A) appearance of spaces within granulosa cells
(B) formation of multiple layers of follicle cells
(C) presence of theca interna and a theca externa
(D) follicle cells change from squamous to cuboidal
26. Which stage of the follicle is marked by an initial period of accumulation of follicular fluid?
(A) primary follicle
(B) Graafian follicle
(C) secondary follicle
(D) primordial follicle
27. The region of the uterine tube having the greatest amount of folding of the mucosa is the
(A) fimbria
(B) isthmus
(C) ampulla
(D) infundibulum
28. The outermost layer of the testis is the
(A) mucosa
(B) myometrium
(C) tunica albuginea
(D) seminiferous epithelium
29. Testicular cells which secrete testosterone are the
(A) Sertoli cells
(B) Leydig cells
(C) spermatocytes
(D) spermatogonia
30. Columnar epithelial cells which line the seminiferous tubules and support the germ cells are called
(A) spermatids
(B) Sertoli cells
(C) Leydig cells
(D) spermatogonia
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. a. What are the THREE (3) fundamental components of connective tissues? (3 Marks)
b. State the TWO (2) types of dense connective tissue and provide location for each. (4 Marks)
c. Why is white adipose tissue pale in conventional, wax-embedded preparation? (1 Mark)
d. How is brown adipose tissue different from white adipose tissue? (2 Marks)
2. a. List the THREE (3) criteria used to classify epithelia. (3 Marks)
b. Give a brief description of the terms used to describe the shape of the surface cells of the epithelium. (3 Marks)
c. List TWO (2) types of surface specialisation of the epithelium. (2 Marks)
d. What is the difference between cilia and microvilli? (2 Marks)
3. a. Give the histological differences between proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and distal convoluted tubule (DCT) in a nephron. (4 Marks)
b. What is the function of transitional epithelium of a urinary bladder? (1 Mark)
c. Describe the TWO (2) possible shapes of the superficial cells in the transitional epithelium. (4 Marks)
d. Name another organ that is lined by the transitional epithelium. (1 Mark)
SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (20 MARKS)
ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY
Question 1
Describe briefly about the uterine tube’s THREE (3) concentric layers and its contents. (10 Marks)
Question 2
Draw, label and explain the difference between a bronchus and a bronchiole. (10 Marks)
Question 3
Describe briefly about the stomach’s FOUR (4) concentric layers and its contents. (10 Marks)
Aug 2014
SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
CHOOSE ONE BEST STATEMENT TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1. To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through
(A) the nucleus
(B) a ribosome
(C) the Golgi apparatus
(D) the plasma membrane
2. A peripheral membrane protein has which of the following properties?
(A) tightly lodged
(B) protrudes from only one membrane surface
(C) protrudes from both sides of the membrane
(D) loosely associated with the inner or outer membrane surface
3. Bacterial cell are prokaryotic; in comparison to a typical eukaryotic cell they would
(A) be smaller
(B) have a smaller nucleus
(C) lack a plasma membrane
(D) have a greater variety of organelles
4. The tissues of the body are assigned to four principle types. Which of these covers the body surfaces, lines cavities and ducts, and forms glands?
(A) muscle tissue
(B) nervous tissue
(C) epithelial tissue
(D) connective tissue
5. The epithelium found lining small tubules and glands that have secretory or absorptive functions is
(A) cuboidal
(B) columnar
(C) squamous
(D) ciliated columnar
6. Where in the body is the transitional epithelium located?
(A) in the oral cavity
(B) in the urinary tract
(C) in the respiratory air sacs
(D) lining the ducts of sweat glands
7. Which of the following is NOT primarily composed of connective tissue?
(A) fat
(B) bone
(C) heart
(D) hyaline cartilage
8. The tissue that can be classified as specialized connective tissue is
(A) blood
(B) loose connective tissue
(C) dense regular connective tissue
(D) dense irregular connective tissue
9. What type of tissue is a tendon composed of?
(A) mucous connective tissue
(B) dense regular connective tissue
(C) loose irregular connective tissue
(D) dense irregular connective tissue
10. Which of the following is composed of smooth muscle?
(A) heart
(B) biceps muscle
(C) upper esophagus
(D) wall of blood vessels
14. What are the supporting cells in the central nervous system called?
(A) ganglion
(B) neuroglia
(C) basket cells
(D) satellite cells
15. The cell body of a neuron is called the
(A) axon
(B) dendrite
(C) perikaryon
(D) synaptic terminal
16. Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?
(A) trachea - hyaline cartilage C-shaped
(B) alveoli - stratified squamous epithelium
(C) bronchioles - hyaline cartilage as irregular plates
(D) bronchi - simple columnar epithelium with Clara cells
17. Which of the following is MISMATCHED?
(A) type I pneumocyte – remove pulmonary surfactant
(B) type II pneumocyte – secretes pulmonary surfactant
(C) alveolar macrophage – involved in gaseous exchange
(D) dust cell – remove inhaled particulates that reach the alveolus
18. The epithelial lining of a trachea is which of the following tissue types?
(A) transitional
(B) simple columnar
(C) simple squamous
(D) ciliated pseudostratified
19. The following statements about the stomach is true EXCEPT
(A) The folds of the stomach are called rugae.
(B) The outermost layer is coated with a serosa.
(C) The muscularis externa is composed of two layers.
(D) Mucous neck cells are present in the upper parts of gastric glands.
20. What type of muscle makes up the muscularis externa in the esophagus?
(A) cardiac
(B) smooth
(C) striated
(D) both B and C
21. The organ that has a mucosa lined by non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is the
(A) stomach
(B) esophagus
(C) large intestine
(D) small intestine
22. Which is the FALSE statement about the ureter and urinary bladder?
(A) Both lack a muscularis mucosae.
(B) Both are lined by transitional epithelium.
(C) Both have an adventitia covering parts of its organs.
(D) Both have a muscularis that is arranged as an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle.
23. What is a glomerulus?
(A) capillary tuft
(B) efferent arteriole
(C) afferent arteriole
(D) peritubular capillaries
24. The foot processes on podocytes is the
(A) pedicel
(B) renal corpuscle
(C) parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule
(D) visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule
25. What is the cavity within the secondary follicle in the ovary?
(A) antrum
(B) zona pellucida
(C) granulosa cells
(D) Graafian follicle
30. Which of the following is NOT considered a part of the wall of the seminiferous tubule?
(A) basal lamina
(B) tunica propria
(C) tunica albuginea
(D) semineferous epithelium
SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
1. With the aid of drawings, compare the THREE (3) different types of muscle tissue and state their locations. (10 Marks)
2. a. Draw, label and describe the structural differences between unilocular and multilocular adipose tissue. (6 Marks)
b. State the TWO (2) functions of adipose tissue. (2 Marks)
c. What happens to the fat cells when a person gains or losses weight? (2 Marks)
3. a. Identify TWO (2) major functions of the respiratory system. (2 Marks)
b. Briefly relate the histological features that allow it to perform these functions. (3 Marks)
c. Describe how the various features of the conducting portion change from the trachea to terminal bronchioles. (5 Marks)
i. Epithelium
ii. Goblet cells
iii. Cartilage
iv. Smooth muscle
v. Elastic fibres
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
ANSWER TWO (2) QUESTIONS ONLY
Question 1
With the aid of diagrams and labelling of various types of epithelial tissue, provide descriptions of each and explain their functions. (20 Marks)
Question 2
Draw and explain the THREE (3) types of neuron, and then discuss on the neuroglial cells and provide examples. (20 Marks)
Question 3
Describe in detail the renal corpuscle of a nephron. (20 Marks)
Jan 2014
SECTION A : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
Choose ONE best statement to answer the questions.
1. The synthesis of all proteins appears to be initiated on which of the following cellular components?
(A) RER
(B) nucleus
(C) Golgi complex
(D) free polyribosomes
2. Because of the frequent presence of ribosome on its outer surface, the nuclear envelope may be considered a specialized portion of which organelle?
(A) SER
(B) RER
(C) mitochondria
(D) plasma membrane
3. Which of the following structures are organelles formed by the fusion of primary lysosomes and phagosomes, and also sites of active digestion of phagocytosed material?
(A) transfer vesicles
(B) autophagosomes
(C) heterophagosomes
(D) secondary lysosomes
4. Which of the following is used in the naming of epithelial types?
(A) size of the nuclei
(B) shape of cells in the basal layer
(C) presence of basement membrane
(D) number of layers of epithelial cells
5. The tissue type shown in Figure 1 is the
(A) transitional epithelium
(B) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
(C) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
(D) non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
6. Choose the TRUE statement of holocrine secretion.
(A) occurs in endocrine gland
(B) occurs in sebaceous gland
(C) involves little or no loss of cytoplasm
(D) involves secretion of chlorine and bromine ions
7. Which of the following characteristics is unique to cardiac muscle?
(A) cells are striated
(B) cells are multinucleated
(C) cells are often branched
(D) cells contain centrally located nuclei
8. Which of the following characteristics is unique to skeletal muscle?
(A) cells are multinucleated
(B) cells contain intercalated disks
(C) cells contain many mitochondria
(D) cells contain centrally located nuclei
9. Which of the following tissues is shown in Figure 2?
(A) cardiac muscle
(B) smooth muscle
(C) skeletal muscle
(D) dense irregular connective tissue
10. The part of the neuron that serves in collecting incoming messages is the
(A) axon
(B) dendrite
(C) cell body
(D) axon hillock
11. Which of the following is TRUE of synapses?
(A) Can occur between a dendrite and neuron cell body.
(B) Comprises the nucleus and the surrounding cytoplasm.
(C) Permit transmission of a nerve impulse in either direction.
(D) Involves the attachment of the axon terminal to either the target cell or another neuron.
12. The cell type that myelinate axons in the central nervous system are the
(A) microglia
(B) astrocytes
(C) ependymal cells
(D) oligodendrocytes
13. Which of the following is TRUE of haversian canals but false regarding Volkmann’s canals?
(A) carry nerve fibers
(B) carry blood vessels
(C) are found in bone tissue
(D) are surrounded by concentric bony lamellae
14. The tissue shown in Figure 3 is the
(A) mesenchyme
(B) fibrocartilage
(C) elastic cartilage
(D) hyaline cartilage
15. Which of the following cell types produces and maintains collagenous fibres and maintains all extracellular matrix components of connective tissue?
(A) fibroblast
(B) lymphocyte
(C) macrophage
(D) mesenchymal cell
16. Which of the following is a protective mechanism in the respiratory tract but is absent from the digestive tract?
(A) cilia
(B) goblet cells
(C) smooth muscle
(D) lymphoid nodules
17. Identify the structure in Figure 4?
(A) trachea
(B) alveolus
(C) bronchus
(D) bronchiole
18. The presence of iron deposits in result of red blood cells being phagocytosed are found in the cytoplasm of which lung cell type and can be a diagnostic feature of heart failure?
(A) dust cell
(B) Clara cell
(C) Type-I cell
(D) Type-II cell
19. Starting from the lumen, what are the four layers of the GI tract?
(A) serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa
(B) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa
(C) adventitia, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa
(D) mucosa, adventitia, muscularis, and submucosa
20. Permanent circular folds (plicae circulares) are a characteristic structural feature of the walls of
(A) stomach
(B) esophagus
(C) anal canal
(D) small intestine
21. Which part of the stomach is shown in Figure 5?
(A) body
(B) fundus
(C) cardiac
(D) Pylorus
Questions 22-24 refers to Figure 6.
22. Which of the labels in Figure 6 has brush border?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
23. Which of the labels in Figure 6 is the location of the most hypertonic urine filtrate?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
24. Which of the labels in Figure 6 is the location of the filtrate barrier?
(A) 1
(B) 3
(C) 5
(D) 6
25. Which of the labels in Figure 7 consist of a layer composed entirely of dense fibrous connective tissue capsule?
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
26. A portion of which of the following structure is lined exclusively with Sertoli cells?
(A) prostatic urethra
(B) ejaculatory duct
(C) ductus epididymis
(D) seminiferous tubule
29. Which of the labels in Figure 9 is the location of the follicular liquor?
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
30. Which of the labels in Figure 9 is the location of the cells that accompany the ovum during ovulation?
(A) A
(B) B
(C) C
(D) D
SECTION B : SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions.
1. a. Describe at least THREE (3) general features or characterizations of all epithelium found in the body. (3 Marks)
b. State the THREE (3) criteria of classifying epithelium. (3 Marks)
c. With the aid of a diagram, compare and briefly explain the functions of stratified squamous epithelium and transitional epithelium. (4 Marks)
2. a. List the THREE (3) fundamental components of connective tissue. (3 Marks)
b. State the general function of the connective tissue. (1 Mark)
c. Name and compare the location of the THREE (3) types of connective tissue proper. (6 Marks)
3. a. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of: (6 Marks)
i. membrane-limited nucleus
ii. membranous cytoplasmic organelles
iii. overall size
b. List the major biochemical constituents of cell membranes. (3 Marks)
c. Indicate which of the biochemical constituents above carries more than 50% ofthe cell membrane weight. (1 Mark)
SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
Answer TWO (2) questions only.
Question 1
1. a. Describe the FOUR (4) layers of the esophageal wall. (10 Marks)
b. Describe the FOUR (4) layers of the small intestinal wall. (10 Marks)
Question 2
2. a. Draw and explain the THREE (3) types of neuron. (12 Marks)
b. Discuss on neuroglial cells and provide examples. (8 Marks)
Question 3
3.a. Draw a cross-section of both the proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule, then compare them in terms of epithelial lining and function. (10 Marks)
b. Describe the THREE (3) layers of the urinary bladder wall. (10 Marks)
Aug 2013
SECTION A : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
Choose ONE best statement to answer the questions.
1. Which of the following structures are spherical membrane-limited vesicles containing more than fifty enzymes functioned for cellular digestion?
(A) lysosomes
(B) transfer vesicles
(C) autophagosomes
(D) heterophagosomes
2. Which tissue type, lines most of the urinary passages and bladder permitting distention?
(A) transitional
(B) stratified cuboidal
(C) pseudostratified columnar
(D) nonkeratinized stratified squamous
3. Which of the following characteristics is unique to the cardiac cells?
(A) cells are striated
(B) cells are multinucleated
(C) cells are often branched
(D) cells contain centrally located nuclei
4. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete collagen and other fibrous proteins in the connective tissue?
(A) fibroblast
(B) lymphocyte
(C) macrophage
(D) mesenchymal cell
5. Which of the following is true of an axon of a neuron?
(A) collect incoming messages
(B) attaches to another neuron
(C) transmit messages to synaptic terminal
(D) comprise the nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm
6. The following components of the respiratory tract wall increase(s) in amount from trachea to alveoli:
(A) cilia
(B) cartilage
(C) Goblet cells
(D) elastic fibres
7. Which of the following is located in the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
(A) alveolus
(B) bronchus
(C) alveolar duct
(D) respiratory bronchiole
8. C-shaped hyaline cartilages are a characteristic feature of the walls of which of the following structures?
(A) trachea
(B) primary bronchus
(C) terminal bronchiole
(D) secondary bronchus
9. Which layer of the small intestine are the villi present?
(A) serosa
(B) mucosa
(C) submucosa
(D) muscularis externa
10. Antibiotics therapies slow the replacement of the cells lining the small intestine. This causes the loss of what tissue type?
(A) simple cuboidal epithelium
(B) simple columnar epithelium
(C) ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
(D) pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
11. The glomerular filtration barrier is cleared of occasional build-up of cellular debris and some antigen-antibody complexes by the phagocytic activity of
(A) podocyte
(B) mesangial cell
(C) endothelial cell
(D) juxtaglomerular cell
12. The following is the characteristic of the proximal but not of the distal convoluted tubules.
(A) exhibits a brush border
(B) lining cells are basophilic
(C) convoluted portion lies in the renal cortex
(D) epithelial lining is similar to that of the thin loop of Henle
13. The epithelium that comprises the outer wall or parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule is
(A) simple cuboidal
(B) simple columnar
(C) simple squamous
(D) pseudostratified columnar
18. Which of the following is TRUE of Leydig’s cells in the testis?
(A) secrete testosterone
(B) contain abundant RER
(C) have basophilic cytoplasm
(D) are components of the seminiferous epithelium
19. The connective tissue sheath that surrounds each seminiferous tubule is
(A) dartos tunic
(B) tunica propria
(C) tunica albuginea
(D) mediastinum testis
20. What is the predominant feature of Brunner’s glands?
(A) lie in the submucosal layer
(B) are composed of collections of goblet cells
(C) are characteristic components of the jejunal wall
(D) produce a serous secretion that is rich in digestive enzymes
21. Which of the following represents the CORRECT hierarchy of organization in the human body?
(A) cells, tissues, organ systems, organs
(B) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
(C) tissues, cells, organs, organ systems
(D) tissues, organs, cells, organ systems
22. Which of the following statement about characteristics of epithelium is FALSE?
(A) It has its own blood supply.
(B) All cells in epithelium are close together with little intervening material.
(C) Epithelia exposed to the environment or body fluid is the apical surface.
(D) Between the epithelium and the connective tissue on which it rests is a basement membrane.
23. In which epithelia, do most of the basal cells replace the surface cells which are lost through abrasion or cell death?
(A) transitional
(B) simple cuboidal
(C) stratified squamous
(D) pseudostratified ciliated columnar
24. Which of the following is indicated by the arrows in Figure 4?
(A) I bands in skeletal muscle
(B) A bands in skeletal muscle
(C) sarcomeres in cardiac muscle
(D) intercalated disks in cardiac muscle
25. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Volkmann’s canal?
(A) they interconnect lacunae
(B) they interconnect haversian canals
(C) they contain the processes of osteocytes
(D) they are components of the interstitial lamellae
26. Choose the FALSE statement of the function of neuroglial cells?
(A) forms myelin sheath
(B) conduct electrical impulses
(C) supports and insulates neurons
(D) eliminate foreign materials ain and around neurons
27. The smooth muscle is found in all of the below EXCEPT for
(A) heart
(B) stomach
(C) intestine
(D) blood vessel
28. The neuroglial cells that is found in the peripheral nervous system is
(A) microglia
(B) satellite cells
(C) ependymal cells
(D) oligodendrocytes
29. Bone-forming cells are known as
(A) fibrocytes
(B) osteocytes
(C) osteoblasts
(D) condrocytes
30. Which statement is TRUE about peripheral membrane proteins of the cell membrane?
(A) tightly lodged
(B) protrude from both sides of the membrane
(C) protrude from only one membrane surface
(D) loosely associated with either the inner or outer membrane
PART C : ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
Answer TWO (2) questions only.
Question 1
With the aid of a diagram, label and explain the differences between a bronchus and a bronchiole. Then, discuss the THREE (3) types of bronchioles found in our human respiratory system. (20 Marks)
Question 2
With the aid of a diagram, compare the cross-section of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Compare also in terms of; location in the kidney, epithelial lining, luminal diameter, and substances absorbed from or secreted into filtrate. (20 Marks)
Question 3
List the organs of the digestive tract in the order in which food passes through and describe what happens to the food in each of the organs related to their histological structures. (20 Marks)
Jan 2013
SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
Choose ONE best statement to answer the questions.
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissues?
(A) reproduce slowly
(B) have a spindle shape
(C) have no blood supply
(D) consist of a few collagen fibers
2. The epithelial tissue seen in Figure 1 is
(A) transitional
(B) simple squamous
(C) stratified squamous
(D) pseudostratified columnar
3. Simple columnar epithelium can be found in the
(A) lobe of the ear
(B) alveoli of the lungs
(C) lumen of the small intestine
(D) trachea of the respiratory tract
4. What is the type of epithelial tissue commonly found in glands, ducts and kidney tubules?
(A) simple cuboidal
(B) simple columnar
(C) simple squamous
(D) pseudostratified columnar
5. Neuroepithelium is a type of specialized epithelia present in the
(A) nail
(B) testis
(C) scalp
(D) tongue
6. Which of the following is a characteristic of connective tissue?
(A) The cells are connected to each other by desmosomes.
(B) It consists of fascicles with peripherally located nuclei.
(C) It contains intercellular ground substance known as matrix.
(D) The cells have long processes extending from the cell body.
7. Microscopic image shown in Figure 2 is likely to be a/an
(A) elastic tissue
(B) areolar tissue
(C) reticular tissue
(D) dense irregular tissue
8. Absorption, secretion and protection are the functions of which type of tissue?
(A) nervous
(B) muscular
(C) epithelial
(D) connective
9. The cells of both chondrous and osseous tissues are located inside a fluid-filled space called
(A) lacunae
(B) papillae
(C) canaliculi
(D) corpuscle
10. Which of the following tissue absorbs the shocks between the adjacent vertebrae?
(A) fibrocartilage
(B) dense regular
(C) white adipose
(D) skeletal muscle
11. Microscopic image shown in Figure 3 represents
(A) cardiac muscle
(B) skeletal muscle
(C) dense regular tissue
(D) fibrocartilage tissue
12. Which of the following statements are TRUE of the skeletal muscle?
(A) They are attached to the bones.
(B) They make up 10 percent of total body weight.
(C) The fibers consist of many centrally located nuclei.
(D) Their functions are controlled by an autonomic nervous system.
13. The largest smooth muscle cells of the human body can be found in the
(A) heart
(B) uterus
(C) intestine
(D) arterioles
14. Involuntary striated muscle refers to
(A) coarse muscle
(B) cardiac muscle
(C) smooth muscle
(D) skeletal muscle
15. The efferent nerves embedded in skeletal muscles are functionally
(A) enteric.
(B) somatic.
(C) automatic.
(D) autonomic.
16. The gap between the terminal ends of neurons is called
(A) ganglia
(B) synapses
(C) receptors
(D) transmitter
17. Which of the following is NOT a type of glial cells?
(A) microglia
(B) astrocytes
(C) elliptocyte
(D) oligodendrocytes
18. The point of origin of the axon from cell body of neuron is called
(A) axon hillock
(B) axon terminal
(C) myelin sheath
(D) synaptic vesicles
19. Which of the following neuroglia is similar in function with Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?
(A) microglia
(B) astrocyte
(C) elliptocyte
(D) oligodendrocyte
20. The receptive surface of a neuron is called
(A) axon
(B) dendrites
(C) myelin sheath
(D) neurotransmitter
21. Which stratum of the skin epidermis is important in preventing fluid loss from human body?
(A) Lucidum
(B) Spinosum
(C) Granulosum
(D) Germinativum
22. The function of muscularis mucosae layer in the intestinal mucosa is to
(A) help coordinate the peristalsis rhythms
(B) promote local stirring at the mucosal surface
(C) carry out the functions of secretion and absorption
(D) provide immune responses against the intestinal pathogens
23. Parasympathetic nervous tissue that can be found in muscularis externa of the small intestine is called
(A) Peyer’s patches
(B) Brunner’s glands
(C) Aeurbach’s plexus
(D) Meissener’s corpuscle
24. The outermost layer of an intestine is called serosa or adventitia. The term adventitia is applied when the layer is
(A) in the large intestine areas
(B) in the small intestine areas
(C) exposed to the peritoneal fluid
(D) attached to the surrounding tissue
25. Which of the following components is found in the choroid layer of an eyeball?
(A) pigmented epithelium
(B) dense fibrous connective tissue
(C) pigmented loose connective tissue
(D) non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
26. The most common cell type seen in substantia propria of the cornea is a
(A) fibroblast
(B) leucoblast
(C) melanocyte
(D) chondrocyte
27. What is the type of epithelial cells present in pigmented epithelium of the retina?
(A) simple cuboidal
(B) simple columnar
(C) simple squamous
(D) pseudostratified columnar
28. The features which distinguish corneal tissues from other body surface tissues are related to its
(A) mobility.
(B) thickness.
(C) flexibility.
(D) transparency.
29. The outermost layer of meninges is the
(A) skull.
(B) pia mater.
(C) arachnoid.
(D) dura mater.
30. The functions of vascular networks in the papillary dermis of skin are to
I. assist in thermoregulation.
II. support the epidermis with vital nutrients.
III. provide protection against infectious agents.
IV. prevents excessive evaporation of water from the skin.
(A) I, II and III
(B) I, III and IV
(C) II, III and IV
(D) I, II, III and IV
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions.
1. a. List SIX (6) functions of connective tissue. (6 Marks)
b. Provide ALL types and subtypes of connective tissues. (4 Marks)
2. a. List FOUR (4) functions of muscular tissues. . (4 Marks)
b. Identify FOUR (4) properties of muscular tissue. (4 Marks)
c. State TWO (2) microscopic features of a skeletal muscle. (2 Marks)
3. a. Draw and label any FIVE (5) components of a neuron. (7 Marks)
b. List the characteristics of a microglial cell. (3 Marks)
SECTION C: ESSAY QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
Answer TWO (2) questions only.
Question 1
Discuss the histology of skin epidermis and dermis. (20 Marks)
Question 2
Discuss the histology of small intestine. (20 Marks)
Question 3
Discuss the histology of choroid and retina of the eyes. (20 Marks)
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