My Chemistry Notes 1

Chemistry 化学

1. List down all the units in Form 4.

a) Introduction to Chemistry

b) The Structure of the Atom

c) Chemical Formulae and Equations

d) Periodic Table of Elements

e) Chemical Bonds

f) Electrochemistry

g) Acids and Bases

h) Salts

i) Manufactured Substances in Industry

2. List down all the units in Form 5.

a) Rate of Reaction

b) Carbon Compounds

c) Oxidation and Reduction（Redox)

d) Thermochemistry

e) Chemical for Consumers

3. Total 9+5=14 units.

  化学无法像生物那样分成几个组来读。你要读完全部才有拿C以上的可能，先把中四的基础打好才读中五的。

  每一课都要熟知，并且全部都会做，你会慢慢发现其实问题大同小异，答案几乎都是一个样的。（物理也是这样）

  先从Form 4的开始吧！

Introduction to Chemistry

这一课我不读，因为往年没一次出过题。建议可以跳过。

The Structure of the Atom

1. Matter 

# tiny, discrete particles

# occupies space

# mass

2. Define

# Atom # smallest neutral particle of an element

# Molecule # neutral particle, similar or different non metal atoms

#  Ion # positively or negatively charged particles formed from metal atom and non metal atom

# Substance 

# Element # one type atom

# Compund # 2 or more different elements

3. State

@Google

Define : constant temperature at which_____completely changes to become_____.

# Melting point 

# Boiling point

# Freezing point

画好graph, 一定要记住它。建议Physical state 读作业里的。

4. Kinetic Theory 

# constantly moving

5. Diffusion

# move from high concentration to low concentration

# ex: cooking aroma, perfume, garbage stinks

a) Solid # blue colour # CuSO4 

# slowest # atoms # small space of gel

b) Liquid # purple # KMnO4 

# slower # ions # smaller space of water particles

c) Gas # brown # Br2 vapour

# fast, quick # molecules # large space of air particles

6. Subatomic

# proton # 0 # 1

# neutron # +ve # 1

# electron # -ve # 1/1840

Position, Symbol和Structure需要读。

7. History

@Pinterest

8. Isotope

# different nucleon number

# same proton number

# different physical properties

# same chemical properties

读usage。

9. Electron Arrangement

# electronic configuration

# 2.8.8/18

10. Experiment

做Paper 3问题。

Chemical Formulae and Equations

1. mass > mole :÷RAM/RMM/RFM

particle > mole :÷6.02*10^23

volume of gas > mole :÷24(room temperature)/22.4(STP)

2. Define

a) RAM

b) RMM

c) RFM

d) one mole

e) Avogadro's constant

f) Empirical formula

g) Molecular formula

h) molar mass

i) molar volume

3.% composition by mass of an element=

Total RAM/RMM *100%

4. Qualitive interpretation

这个作业里有，比较复杂点。

5. Chemical Formula

表很长，自己读。

6. Experiment

Periodic Table of Elements

我的笔记

Chemical Bonds (Group 1-17)

1. List down 2 types of Bonds.

a) ionic

b) covalent

2. Ionic

# transfer

# metal & non metal

# +ve donate 

# -ve receive

# strong electrostatic force

# high melting & boiling point

# large energy required

# ✓conduct electricity in molten state, free moving ion

# soluble in water

# insoluble in organic solvent

# polarisation of water molecule

NaCL salt, CaO lime, CaCO3 chalk, NaHCO3 baking powder

3. Covalent

# share

# non metal (Group 14-17)

# weak Van der Waals force

# neutral molecules

# low melting & boiling point

# not conductor

# insoluble in water

# soluble in organic solvent

ethanol wine & beers, CO2 fire extinguisher, sugar (glucose) food, octane fuels, alcohol perfume、 cosmetic、 medical, turpentine paint, acetone (C3H6O) nail polish remover

Electrochemistry

1. Electrolysis

2. Chemical cell

这一课可以和Form 5的Redox Reactions一起读。

Acid and Bases

@Pinterest

Salts

我的笔记

               

Manufactured Substances in Industry

这一课很重要，要读的也很多，几乎每一年都有出题。建议重点注重。

1. Sulphuric acid

# Contact process

2. Ammonia

# Haber process

3. Alloy

4. Ceramic

5. Glass

6. Polymer

7. Composite material

#图片从网上下载，有从Pinterest找来的图片，可供参考。